黄土丘陵小流域土地利用变化对水土流失的影响

doi:10.11821/xb200206012

地理学报 ›› 2002, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (6): 717-722.doi: 10.11821/xb200206012

黄土丘陵小流域土地利用变化对水土流失的影响

傅伯杰¹, 邱扬², 王军³, 陈利顶¹

1. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态室, 北京 100085;
2. 北京师范大学资源与环境科学系, 北京 100875;
3. 国土资源部土地整理中心, 北京 100035

收稿日期:2002-03-11 修回日期:2002-08-15 出版日期:2002-11-25 发布日期:2002-11-25
作者简介:傅伯杰 (1958- ),男, 研究员,博士,主要从事自然地理学和景观生态学研究。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重大研究计划项目 (90102018)

Effect Simulations of Land Use Change on the Runoff and Erosion for a Gully Catchment of the Loess Plateau, China

FU Bojie¹, QIU Yang², WANG Jun³, CHEN Liding¹

1. Department of Systems Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100085, China;
2. Department of Resources and Environmental Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
3. Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100035, China

Received:2002-03-11 Revised:2002-08-15 Online:2002-11-25 Published:2002-11-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 90102018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在土壤侵蚀模型LISEM (Limburg Soil Erosion Model) 校正的基础上,模拟了陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区大南沟小流域5种土地利用方案的水土流失效应,旨在探讨土地利用变化对流域出口水土流失的影响。研究结果表明：流域出口的洪峰流速、径流总量和侵蚀总量的大小顺序为：1975年>1998年>25度退耕>20度退耕>15度退耕。1975年和1998年25度以上的陡坡耕地和休闲地均退耕还林还草,这2种土地利用格局的径流和侵蚀模拟值都显著大于3种退耕方案。在3种退耕方案中,20度和15度以上的陡坡耕地和休闲地逐步转变为果园/经济林地,3种退耕方案之间的水土流失差异不显著。相对于1975年土地利用来说,1998年土地利用能降低洪峰流速、径流量和侵蚀量约5%~10%;3种退耕方案的减流减沙效益更加显著,可以降低洪峰流速、径流量和侵蚀量约40%~50%。

关键词: 黄土丘陵小流域, 土地利用变化, 水土流失, LISEM土壤侵蚀模型

Abstract:

Based on the calibration of LISEM (Limburg Soil Erosion Model), five land use scenarios consisting of the previous in 1975 (LU75), present in 1998 (LU98) and future land use pattern were used to simulate the effects of the land use change on runoff and erosion at outlet of the Da Nangou catchment on the Loess Plateau, China. The future land-use maps were made based on three land-use scenarios in which cropland areas are restricted to slope gradients smaller than 25 (FA25), 20 (FA20) and 15 degrees (FA15). Two stages were recognized based on the comparison analysis on these five maps. In the first stage from LU75, LU98 to FA25, the area of the wood/shrub land increases while those of the wasteland, fallow land and cropland decrease, and the orchard/cash-tree land remains the same. During the second stage consisting of the FA25, FA20 and FA15, there is a gradual decrease in the cropland and fallow land and a gradual increase in the orchard/cash-tree land; the other land-use types remain the same. According to the simulation, the predicted peak-velocity, runoff and erosion at outlet decrease significantly if the slope cropland and fallow land are replaced by other types of land use. The peak-velocity, runoff and erosion show the same sequences for different land use patterns in the following order: land use in 1975 (LU75) > land use in 1998 > 25-degree-limit scenario > 20-degree-limit scenario > 15-degree-limit scenario. The runoff and erosion for LU75 and LU98 with much more cropland and fallow land is significantly greater than that for the three degree-limit scenarios with sharp increases in area of wood/shrub land. However, there is little difference in runoff and erosion among the three degree-limit scenarios since there is only a gradual decrease in the cropland and fallow land and a gradual increase in the orchard/cash-tree land. Based on the comparison with the land use in 1975, the predicted peak-velocity, runoff and erosion decrease by about 5-10% for land use in 1998, while the predicted decreases for the three slope-degree-limit scenarios are much larger, ranging between 40% and 50%.

Key words: gully-catchment of the Loess Plateau, land use change, loss of soil and water, LISEM (Limburg Soil Erosion Model)

傅伯杰,邱扬,王军,陈利顶. 黄土丘陵小流域土地利用变化对水土流失的影响[J]. 地理学报, 2002, 57(6): 717-722.

FU Bojie, QIU Yang, WANG Jun, CHEN Liding. Effect Simulations of Land Use Change on the Runoff and Erosion for a Gully Catchment of the Loess Plateau, China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2002, 57(6): 717-722.

参考文献

[1] Qiu Yang, Fu Bojie, Wang Yong. Spatiotempral variation in soil erosion and its relation to the environmental factors. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2002, 16(1): 108-111.
[邱扬, 傅伯杰, 王勇. 土壤侵蚀时空变异及其与环境因子的时空关系. 水土保持学报, 2002, 16(1): 108-111.]

[2] Zhu Xianmo, Zhu Yizhi. A preliminary study on soil and Loess Plateau and environment. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 1992, 29(4): 351-357.
[朱显漠, 祝一志. 试论中国黄土高原土壤与环境. 土壤学报, 1992, 29(4): 351-357.]

[3] Fu Bojie, Chen Liding, Ma Keming. The effect of land use change on the regional environment in the Yangjuan Gou Catchment in the Loess Plateau of China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1999, 54(3): 241-246.
[傅伯杰, 陈利顶, 马克明. 黄土丘陵小流域土地利用变化对生态环境的影响. 地理学报, 1999, 54(3): 241-246.]

[4] Fu Bojie, Chen Liding. Agricultural landscape spatial pattern analysis in the semi-arid hilly area of the Loess Plateau, China. Journal of Arid Environments, 2000, 44(3): 291-303.

[5] Qiu Yang, Fu Bojie, Wang Jun et al. Spatio-temporal distribution of land use in relation to topography in a gully catchment of the Loess Plateau, China. Journal of Natural Resources, 2002, 17(5).
[邱扬, 傅伯杰, 王军等. 黄土丘陵小流域土地利用的时空分布及其与地形因子的关系. 自然资源学报, 2002, 17(5).]

[6] Fu Bojie, Chen Liding, Ma Keming et al. The relationships between land use and soil conditions in the hilly area of the Loess Plateau in northern Shannxi, China. Catena, 2000, 39(1): 69-78.

[7] Qiu Yang, Fu Bojie, Wang Jun et al. Soil moisture variation in relation to topography and land use in a hillslope catchment of the Loess Plateau, China. Journal of Hydrology, 2001, 240(3-4): 243-263.

[8] Qiu Yang, Fu Bojie. Variability of the soil physical properties on the Loess Plateau. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2002, 57(5): 587-594.
[邱扬, 傅伯杰, 王军等. 黄土丘陵小流域土壤物理性质的空间变异. 地理学报, 2002, 57(5): 587-594.]

[9] Laflen J M, Lwonard J L, Foster G R. WEPP a new generation of erosion prediction technology. Journal of Soil Water Conservation, 1991, 46(1): 34-38.

[10] Karvonen T, Koivusalo H, Jauhiainen M et al. A hydrological model for predicting runoff from different land use areas. Journal of Hydrology, 1999, 217(3-4): 253-265.

[11] Hessel R, Jetten V, Liu B et al. Calibration of the LISEM model for a small Loess Plateau catchment. Catena, 2002.

[12] De Roo A P J, Wesseling C G, Jetten V G et al. LISEM: a single-event physically based hydrological and soil erosion model for drainage basins: I: theory, input and output. Hydrological Processes, 1996, 10: 1107-1117.

[13] Qiu Yang, Fu Bojie, Wang Jun et al. Spatiotemporal prediction of soil moisture content using multiple-linear regression in gully catchment of the Loess Plateau, China. Catena, 2002.

[14] Qiu Yang, Fu Bojie, Wang Jun et al. Spatial variability of soil moisture content and its relation to environmental indices in a semi-arid gully catchment of the Loess Plateau, China. Journal of Arid Environments, 2001, 49: 723-750.

[15] Rai S C, Sharma E. Comparative assessment of runoff characteristics under different land use patterns within a Himalayan watershed. Hydrological Processes, 1998, 12: 2235-2248.

[16] Wang Jun, Fu Bojie, Qiu Yang et al. Spatiotemporal variability of soil moisture in small catchment on Loess Plateau-semivariograms. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2000, 55(4): 428-437.
[王军, 傅伯杰, 邱扬等. 黄土丘陵小流域土壤水分的时空变异特征—半变异函数. 地理学报, 2000, 55(4): 428-437.]

[17] Qiu Yang, Fu Bojie, Wang Jun et al. Quantitative analysis of relationships between spatial and temporal variation of soil moisture content and environmental factors at a gully catchment of the Loess Plateau. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2000, 20(5): 741-747.
[邱扬, 傅伯杰, 王军等. 黄土丘陵小流域土壤水分时空分异与环境关系的数量分析. 生态学报, 2000, 20(5): 741-747.]

黄土丘陵小流域土地利用变化对水土流失的影响

Effect Simulations of Land Use Change on the Runoff and Erosion for a Gully Catchment of the Loess Plateau, China

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	孙毅中, 杨静, 宋书颖, 朱杰, 戴俊杰. 多层次矢量元胞自动机建模及土地利用变化模拟[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(10): 2164-2179.
[2]	刘纪远,宁佳,匡文慧,徐新良,张树文,颜长珍,李仁东,吴世新,胡云锋,杜国明,迟文峰,潘涛,宁静. 2010-2015年中国土地利用变化的时空格局与新特征[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(5): 789-802.
[3]	谭章智, 李少英, 黎夏, 刘小平, 陈逸敏, 李威贤. 城市轨道交通对土地利用变化的时空效应[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(5): 850-862.
[4]	刘纪远, 刘文超, 匡文慧, 宁佳. 基于主体功能区规划的中国城乡建设用地扩张时空特征遥感分析[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(3): 335-369.
[5]	李升发, 李秀彬. 耕地撂荒研究进展与展望[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(3): 370-389.
[6]	杨俊, 解鹏, 席建超, 葛全胜, 李雪铭, 马占东. 基于元胞自动机模型的土地利用变化模拟——以大连经济技术开发区为例[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(3): 461-475.
[7]	罗娅, 杨胜天, 刘晓燕, 刘昌明, 宋文龙, 董国涛, 赵海根, 娄和震. 黄河河口镇—潼关区间1998-2010年土地利用变化特征[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(1): 42-53.
[8]	吴琳娜, 杨胜天, 刘晓燕, 罗娅, 周旭, 赵海根. 1976年以来北洛河流域土地利用变化对人类活动程度的响应[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(1): 54-63.
[9]	刘纪远, 匡文慧, 张增祥, 徐新良, 秦元伟, 宁佳, 周万村, 张树文, 李仁东, 颜长珍, 吴世新, 史学正, 江南, 于东升, 潘贤章, 迟文峰. 20世纪80年代末以来中国土地利用变化的基本特征与空间格局[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(1): 3-14.
[10]	王渊刚, 罗格平, 赵树斌, 韩其飞, 李超凡, 范彬彬, 陈耀亮. 新疆耕地变化对区域碳平衡的影响[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(1): 110-120.
[11]	朱会义. 土地利用变化的内在动力——新疆地区农业生产要素产出效率的变动趋势分析[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(8): 1029-1037.
[12]	杨依天, 郑度, 张雪芹, 刘羽. 1980-2010 年和田绿洲土地利用变化空间耦合及其环境效应[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(6): 813-824.
[13]	赵岩, 王治国, 孙保平, 张超, 纪强, 冯磊, 赵乾坤. 中国水土保持区划方案初步研究[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(3): 307-317.
[14]	闫慧敏, 刘纪远, 黄河清, 董金玮, 徐新良, 王军邦. 城市化和退耕还林草对中国耕地生产力的影响[J]. 地理学报, 2012, 67(5): 579-588.
[15]	刘纪远1, 张增祥2, 徐新良1, 匡文慧1, 周万村3, 张树文4, 李仁东5, 颜长珍6, 于东升7, 吴世新8, 江南9. 21世纪初中国土地利用变化的空间格局与驱动力分析[J]. 地理学报, 2009, 64(12): 1411-1420.