中国化肥利用率的区域分异

doi:10.11821/xb200205004

地理学报 ›› 2002, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (5): 531-538.doi: 10.11821/xb200205004

中国化肥利用率的区域分异

陈同斌¹, 曾希柏², 胡清秀³

1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复室, 北京 100101;
2. 中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所, 北京 100081;
3. 中国农业科学院农业自然资源和农业区划研究所, 北京 100081

收稿日期:2001-12-16 修回日期:2002-06-26 出版日期:2002-09-25 发布日期:2002-09-25
作者简介:陈同斌 (1963- ), 男, 博士, 研究员。主要从事植物修复、土壤环境保护和废弃物资源化研究。Email: chentb@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家“九五”攻关项目(96-013-01-04)

Utilization Efficiency of Chemical Fertilizers among Different Counties of China

CHEN Tongbin¹, ZENG Xibo², HU Qingxiu³

1. Inst. of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
2. Inst. of Soil and Fertilizer, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
3. Inst. of Agri-natural Resources & Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2001-12-16 Revised:2002-06-26 Online:2002-09-25 Published:2002-09-25
Supported by:
The Key Project of the Ninth Five-Year Plan, No.96-013-01-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

据全国各县近10年的化肥施用量和粮食产量数据,并从不同年份单位播种面积粮食产量和肥料施用量的变化,求出相应不施肥产量和通过施肥可能达到的最高产量,并以上述结果为基础计算出该地区化肥利用率。研究结果表明：当前我国化肥施用的地区差异明显,施用量较集中范围是180～270 kg/hm²和90～180 kg/hm²,部分地区的化肥施用已经过量;单位化肥的粮食产出率主要集中在10～30 kg/kg,化肥利用率大多集中在15%～35%,且与化肥施用量有关。按地区统计,高施肥量区化肥施用明显过量,平均达339 kg/hm²,是全国平均用量 (262 kg/hm²) 的1.29倍;中施肥量区单位面积化肥平均施用量为252 kg/hm²,略低于全国平均水平;低施肥量区则仅为178 kg/hm²,是全国平均的67.8%;我国单位化肥的生产效率及化肥利用率均以低施肥量区最高,分别为17.5 kg/kg 和39.8%;中施肥量区为13.7和36。

关键词: 中国, 化肥, 利用率, 化肥生产效率, GIS, 区域差异

Abstract:

According to the grain yield response to fertilizers, China's fertilizer application rate can be classified into 3 typical regions: (1) the maximum fertilizer input region including 11 Eastern provinces (ER region); (2) the middle fertilizer input region covering mainly 10 Middle provinces (including Xinjiang and Gansu) (MR region); and (3) the low fertilizer input region consisting of 9 Western provinces (WR region). The average fertilizer application rate per ha cultivated land (sowing area) in 674 counties of ER region was 329 kg/ha, the average rate in the 973 counties of MR region was 231 kg/ha and that in the 709 counties of WR region was 231 kg/ha (Fig.1). The maximum application rate in some counties of China was found to be as high as 2,241 kg/ha which was nearly 10 folds of the average of whole China, i.e., 238 kg/ha. According to the response of grain yield to fertilizers, there were 11.9% excessive-fertilized counties which should reduce their fertilizer application rate and 14.6% counties which were not necessary to increase fertilizer application rate in China.

Key words: chemical fertilizer, fertilizer utilization efficiency (FUE), consumption, grain production, regional difference, China

陈同斌,曾希柏,胡清秀. 中国化肥利用率的区域分异[J]. 地理学报, 2002, 57(5): 531-538.

CHEN Tongbin, ZENG Xibo, HU Qingxiu. Utilization Efficiency of Chemical Fertilizers among Different Counties of China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2002, 57(5): 531-538.

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中国化肥利用率的区域分异

Utilization Efficiency of Chemical Fertilizers among Different Counties of China

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