华北平原典型农田水、热与CO2通量的测定

doi:10.11821/xb200203010

地理学报 ›› 2002, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (3): 335-344.doi: 10.11821/xb200203010

华北平原典型农田水、热与CO₂通量的测定

张永强^1,2, 沈彦俊², 刘昌明^1,2, 于强¹, 孙宏勇², 贾金生¹, 唐常源³, A.Kondoh³

1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101;
2. 中国科学院石家庄农业现代化研究所,石家庄 050021;
3. 日本千叶大学 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan

收稿日期:2001-12-16 修回日期:2002-03-26 出版日期:2002-05-25 发布日期:2002-05-25
作者简介:张永强 (1976- ), 男, 内蒙古包头市人, 博士生。主要从事界面水文过程、作物生长模型的应用研究。E-mail: zhangyq@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学重大基金项目 (40071008, 49871020, 49890330);河北省院士节水项目 (01220703D);中日国际合作项目及地理科学与资源研究所领域前沿项目 (CXIOG-C003-03)

Measurement and Analysis of Water, Heat and CO₂ Flux from a Farmland in the North China Plain

ZHANG Yongqiang^1,2, SHEN Yanjun², LIU Changming^1,2, Yu Qiang¹, SUN Hongyong², JIA Jinsheng¹, TANG Changyuan³, AKIHIKO Kondoh³

1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing 100101, China;
2. Institute of Agricultural Modernization Research, Shijiazhuang 050021, China;
3. Chiba University, 33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan

Received:2001-12-16 Revised:2002-03-26 Online:2002-05-25 Published:2002-05-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 40071008, 49871020, 49890330; Academician Agricultural Water-saving Foundation, Hebei Province of China, No. 01220703D; Special Fund for Major State Basic Research Project, No. CXIOG-C003-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在中国科学院栾城农业生态试验站用波文比-能量平衡法与涡度相关技术对净辐射通量 (R_n)、潜热通量 (λE)、感热通量 (H)、土壤热通量 (G) 与冠层CO₂通量 (F_CO2) 进行了长期定位研究。结果显示R_n大部分用于作物潜热的消耗,连续2年4个生长季λE/R_n都在70 %以上,在作物生育盛期,夏玉米λE/R_n略高于冬小麦,H/Rn都在15%左右,G/R_n 在5 % - 13 %之间,且冬小麦G/R_n明显高于夏玉米。蒸发比值 (EF) 在不同的理想环境条件下,随着可供能量 (R_n-G) 的增加表现出先迅速下降,后缓慢下降,最后趋于稳定的趋势,并在冬小麦环境条件下得到了验证。直角双曲线模型可以模拟F_CO2随光通量密度 (PPFD) 的响应过程。晴天冠层水分利用效率(WUE) 不是在正午出现最高值,当PPFD达到1500 μmol m^-2 s^-1左右时,WUE却略有下降。

关键词: 潜热通量, 感热通量, CO₂通量, 水分利用效率, 华北平原

Abstract:

Surface energy fluxes including net radiation (R_n), latent heat flux (λE), sensible heat flux (H), soil heat flux (G) and carbon dioxide flux (F_CO2) were measured by Bowen-ratio energy balance technique and eddy correlation technique from a farmland at Luancheng Agro-ecosystem Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences in the North China Plain from 1999 to 2001. Seasonal variation of a ratio of latent heat flux (λE) divided by net radiation flux (R_n) showed that R_n is mainly used to evapotranspirate by crops. λE/R_n was all higher than 70% during the four observed seasons in the two years. λE/R_n above maize canopy is slightly higher than that above winter wheat canopy. Seasonal average ratio of sensible heat flux (H) divided by R_n keeps about 15% above the field surface; seasonal average ratio of conductive heat flux (G) divided by Rn varies between 5% and 13%, and the average G/R_n from wheat canopy is evidently higher than that from maize canopy. Under given environmental conditions, when the available energy (R_n-G) is less than 200 W/m², evaporative fraction (EF) decreases sharply; below R_n-G≈200 W/m², EF decreases gradually until stabilizing at some specific value less than 1.0. The response process of EF to Rn-G under winter wheat field conditions is similar to that under the given conditions. With the increase of photosynthesis photo flux density (PPFD), carbon dioxide flux (F_CO2) changes according to the curve of Michaelis-Mente. Water use efficiency (WUE) does not show the maximum when PPFD is the maximum at noon. On the contrary, WUE gradually decreased with PPFD equal to 1500 μmol m^-2 s^-1.

Key words: latent heat flux (λE), sensible heat flux (H), carbon dioxide flux, water use efficiency (WUE), the North China Plain

张永强,沈彦俊,刘昌明,于强,孙宏勇,贾金生,唐常源,A.Kondoh. 华北平原典型农田水、热与CO₂通量的测定[J]. 地理学报, 2002, 57(3): 335-344.

ZHANG Yongqiang, SHEN Yanjun, LIU Changming,Yu Qiang, SUN Hongyong, JIA Jinsheng, TANG Changyuan, AKIHIKO Kondoh. Measurement and Analysis of Water, Heat and CO₂ Flux from a Farmland in the North China Plain[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2002, 57(3): 335-344.

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华北平原典型农田水、热与CO₂通量的测定

Measurement and Analysis of Water, Heat and CO₂ Flux from a Farmland in the North China Plain

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