关键词: 可持续发展, 国际河流, 中国

Abstract: It is ranked in the front among the countries in the world that China owns a lot of international rivers andrich transboundary water resources.The reasonable utilization and coordinated management of internationalrivers affect the sustainability of about 1/3 territory land, the regional international cooperation of China with15 neighborly countries along the 2.2 x 104 km border, and the life of about 3.0 billion people in 19 ripariancountries (including China).There are more than 40 internr-tional rivers (lakes) in China, in which the tranboundary run-off is occu-pied by 40% of the tola! runoff of China. Each year, there are about 400 x 108 m water flowing out of Chinainto the neighbor countries. They could be classified into two basic types; the contiguous watercourses andsuccessive watercourses. The former concentrates in northeast part of China. The later distribute in northwestand southwest parts of China. Their natural, social, and economic conditions are oolite different each other.Since 1980s, the international river basins have been the major area of international regional cooperationof China with its neighbor countries. For example, the multilateral cooperation of economy and technology inTumen River area is related China, Russia, Mogolia, North Korea, South Korea and Japan; it is facilitatedby UNDP with total investment of US $ 40 billion.Many great international rivers in Asia originate in Qinhai-Tibet plateau and Yuiuian plateau, where iscalled as "Asian’s Water Tower. "The protection and conservation of the ecological environments is very im-portant to China, southeast Asia, south Asia, and West Asia.In order to facilitate the sustainable development of international rivers in the world, there are manypractical approaches to use.(1) Sharing approach. Based on the limited rights, riparian countries purchase the common benefits eachother through cooperative develpment and coordinated management of sharing international rivers.(2) Establishing the institutions of both international and national multi-level cooperation to coordinate the allactions of development and management in river basin area.(3) Integrated development and management in basin-wide.(4) Track-two diplomatic approach, Scientists or experts or scientific working group plays a very importantrole in faciliating information exchanges, knowledge, joint researches, and compromise of confilict mul-tiobjectives among riparian countries.(5) Development in river basin’s with complement of development beyond the basin. The competitive objectsshould be coordinated in a wide scope.(6) Participatory approach.

Key words: sustainability, international rivers, China