关键词: 洞庭湖区, 暴雨, 洪水, 洪涝灾害

Abstract: Heavy storm rains caused huge torrents and hit the Dongting Lake Plain from July to August in 1996. About 53.63?10 4 hm 2 land in this region were submerged by the flood water, with total economic loss of RMB 3 036.4?10 8 Yuan. Based on the investigation and the analysis by the author, some important conclusions about the features and the causes of the flood disasters are got as follows. (1) The flood disaster showed some special features such as the vast disaster areas, the serious economic and social losses, the obvious regional difference and losses caused by the flood disaster being enlarged evidently. (2) Compared with the flood disasters in 1954, the direct economic losses caused by the flood disasters in 1996 are four and half times as great as those caused by the flood disasters in 1954, although the rainfall, flood scale and the affected areas are smaller than those in 1954. (3) The specific environmental conditions such as the dishshaped structure of the Lake basin and the tremendous water supply of Xiang, Zi, Yuan and Li rivers in flood season caused the flood disasters. (4) Those special factors such as that the four times of the storms happened from July 1 to August 3 and the three times of the convergences of the flood water of Changjiang River and the four rivers of Xiang, Zi, Yuan and Li strengthened the force of flood water to cause the disasters. (5) The other factors were those such as the lack of flood control capacity of the four rivers, the degeneration of the function of flood control and drain of the Dongting Lake and the lower standard of flood control and drain in this region. (6) The regional difference of economic development in the Dongting Lake basin was the primary factor which made the direct economic losses bigger than that in 1954 as well as made the disasters to be differed obviously in space.

Key words: the Dongting Lake basin, rain storm, flood, flood disaster