地理学报

地理学报 ›› 1995, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3): 264-271.doi: 10.11821/xb199503009

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基于栅格数据的流域降雨径流模型

沈晓东, 王腊春, 谢顺平   

  1. 南京大学海岸与海岛开发国家试点实验室, 南京 210093
  • 收稿日期:1993-10-01 修回日期:1994-05-01 出版日期:1995-05-15 发布日期:1995-05-15
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金,国家教委博士点基金

A DYNAMIC PRECIPITATION-RUNOFF MODEL FOR A WATERSHED BASED ON GRID DATA

Shen Xiaodong, Wang Lachun, Xie Shunping   

  1. State Pilot Laboratory for Island and Coastal Exploitation, Nanjing University. Nanjing 210093
  • Received:1993-10-01 Revised:1994-05-01 Online:1995-05-15 Published:1995-05-15

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被引次数

111 | 14

摘要： 本文在研究降雨时空分布不均匀与下垫面自然地理参数空间分布不均匀，对降雨径流过程影响的基础上，提出了一种在地理信息系统支持下的动态分布式降雨径流流域模型，实现了基于栅格的坡面产汇流与河道汇流的数值模拟，能够获得流域上任意模拟时刻任意栅格的径流量。模型视栅格为水文一致性单元，水文参数在栅格内一致，在相邻栅格间变化。采用Ｈｏｌｔａｎ模型计算下渗率，水量平衡方程和线性水库的马斯京根法进行栅格产汇流演算，模型的每个参数具有明确的物理意义和地理规律，本文的产汇流模拟方法以石桥铺径流实验区作为验证，取得较好效果。

关键词: 地理信息系统, 动态分布式降雨径流流域模型, 栅格, Holtan模型, 马斯京根法

Abstract: After having studied the precipitation-runoff process affected by the spatial and temporal variability of precipitation and the spatial differences of physi-geographic parameters on the earth’s surface, this paper developed a dynamic model based on grid data. The model takes topographic map.soil distribution map. land use map. precipitation. evaporation. seepage and moisture content of soils as inputs. The hydrological grid data base is supported by the Geographic Information System (GIS). XMGIS 2. 0, which is made by the authors. According to the model, necessary analyses of digital topographic model and grid superposition are made, and the grid element assigned grade and flow forms a fully watershed (Fig. 2).When the runoff yield and the inflow of surface and subsurface. taking the grid element as a unit . are respectively calculated. the outflow of a grid element is one of inflows in the corresponding subgrid. All the grid element is continuously calculated in the order of grade , and the flow process in every time interval is finally obtained.

Key words: Geographic Information System (GIS), dynamic runoff precipitation watershed model, grid element, Holtan Model, Muskingum method

中图分类号: 

  • P333.1