关键词: 开放口岸, 口岸功能, 口岸结构, 口岸地域系统

Abstract: Ports,as doors of the country opening toward the world,is playing double roles making a bridge between the domestic market and the overseas market and defending state sovereignty.In China,the ports are some seaports,railstations,passways,and airports where the goverments permit passengers,goods and vehicles to pass through and some facilities (e. g. frontier inspection stations.customhouse,harbour superintendency administrations and quarantine stations for human being,animals and plants,etc),infrastrucutre and administration offices are established.This paper includes five sections: (1)Classification and function.China’s ports can be divided into the state ports and the localports based administrative level and seaports.airports and local ports based on modes of transportation.(2)Fundamental elements of ports.A basic port includes the external transportation system,the foreign trade system.the supervisory and testing system,the service system and the comprehensive administrative system.(3)Allocation of ports and regional development.(4)Distribution of China’s ports.The author discussed mainly the seaport system along the coast,the trading port system along the interior border,the waterport system along the Changjiang River(Yangtze River).(5)Some suggestions for the development of China’s port system.They are :(a)The establishment of ports must depend on the development of external economy.international passways,airline networks.(b)The function of ports in the interior area and along the Changjiang River(Yangtze River)should be diversified.(c)The port planning must march the urban construction.

Key words: open ports, function of ports, structure of ports, the territorial port system