地理学报

地理学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 78 ›› Issue (5): 1104-1118.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202305004

• 高原生态与植被 • 上一篇    下一篇

青藏高原生态系统功能稳定性演化特征及分区

王欠鑫1,2(), 曹巍1(), 黄麟1   

  1. 1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室，北京 100101
    2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-28 修回日期:2023-05-06 出版日期:2023-05-25 发布日期:2023-05-27
  • 通讯作者: 曹巍(1982-), 男, 湖北武汉人, 博士, 副研究员, 主要从事区域生态系统评估研究。E-mail: Caowei@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:王欠鑫(2000-), 女, 四川广元人, 硕士生, 主要从事生态环境遥感与信息系统研究。E-mail: wangqianxin8940@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0404)

Evolutionary characteristics and zoning of ecosystem functional stability on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

WANG Qianxin1,2(), CAO Wei1(), HUANG Lin1   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2022-11-28 Revised:2023-05-06 Published:2023-05-25 Online:2023-05-27
  • Supported by:
    The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2019QZKK0404)

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摘要：

作为地球“第三极”的青藏高原是中国重要的生态安全屏障区，也是全球气候变化的生态敏感区，日益加剧的气候变化对其生态系统功能及稳定性也构成了重大挑战。本文首先分析了2000—2020年青藏高原生态系统格局及其水源涵养、土壤保持、防风固沙等关键功能的时空变化特征，明晰了生态系统功能及其重要性的区域差异，进一步评估了生态系统功能的稳定性状态，将为青藏高原打造生态文明高地、实施保护和修复工程奠定科学基础。结果表明：① 2000—2020年青藏高原湿地面积增加而草地面积明显减少，水源涵养和防风固沙能力有所改善，年变化率分别为3.57 m3/(hm2·a)、0.23 t/(hm2·a)，但土壤保持量整体却呈下降趋势，年变化率为-0.16 t/(hm2·a)；② 青藏高原水源涵养、土壤保持和防风固沙功能的核心区面积占比分别为12.7%、13.9%和14.2%，其中水源涵养核心功能区以藏东南、三江源、若尔盖为主，防风固沙核心功能区集中在高原中西部，土壤保持核心功能区则环绕高原；③ 2000—2020年青藏高原水源涵养、土壤保持以及防风固沙功能在高原东南部、中部呈现较高的稳定性，而在高原西部稳定性相对较弱，结合稳定性评估与生态保护修复实践，可将青藏高原区划为三大类16个生态系统功能区，针对不同核心生态系统功能与不同分区开展差异化的生态保护与修复。

关键词: 青藏高原, 生态系统功能, 重要性, 稳定性, 时空变化

Abstract:

As the third pole of earth, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an important ecological security barrier in China and an ecologically sensitive area of global climate change. The increasing climate change has posed a major challenge to its ecosystem function and stability. This paper first analyzes the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the ecosystem pattern of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its key functions including water conservation, soil conservation, windbreak and sand fixation from 2000 to 2020, clarifies the regional differences in ecosystem functions and their importance, and further evaluates the stability of ecosystem functions. And there is no doubt that the stable state will lay a scientific foundation for the plateau to build an ecologically civilized highland and launch protection and restoration projects. The results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the wetland area of the study area increased and the grassland area decreased significantly. The water conservation and windbreak and sand fixation capacity were improved, and the annual change rates were 3.57 m3/(hm2·a) and 0.23 t/(hm2·a), respectively. However, the overall soil conservation showed a downward trend with an annual change rate of -0.16 t/(hm2·a). (2) The core areas of water conservation, soil conservation and windbreak and sand fixation accounted for 12.7%, 13.9% and 14.2%, respectively. The core water conservation barrier areas were mainly located in southeast Tibet, Sanjiangyuan and Ruoergai. The core windbreak and sand fixation areas were concentrated in the central and western parts of the plateau, and the core soil conservation areas surrounded the plateau. (3) From 2000 to 2020, the water conservation, soil conservation, and wind protection and sand-fixation functions have shown relatively high stability in the southeastern and central parts of the plateau, while relatively weak stability in the western part of the plateau. Combining stability assessment and ecological protection and restoration practices, we can divide the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau into three major categories of 16 ecosystem function zones and carry out differentiated ecological protection and restoration for different core ecosystem functions and zones.

Key words: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, ecosystem function, importance, stability, spatiotemporal variation