地理学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 77 ›› Issue (8): 2083-2096.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202208016
李晓玲1,6(), 刘志高2,3(
), 谭爽1, 修春亮4, 贺红士5
收稿日期:
2021-09-13
修回日期:
2022-04-06
出版日期:
2022-08-25
发布日期:
2022-10-25
通讯作者:
刘志高(1974-), 男, 湖北江陵人, 博士, 副研究员, 硕士生导师, 研究方向为对外投资与海外园区。E-mail: liuzhigao@igsnrr.ac.cn作者简介:
李晓玲(1987-), 女, 黑龙江富锦人, 博士, 副教授, 中国地理学会会员(S110011094M), 研究方向为中俄地缘关系与区域研究。E-mail: lixl027@nenu.edu.cn
基金资助:
LI Xiaoling1,6(), LIU Zhigao2,3(
), TAN Shuang1, XIU Chunliang4, HE Hongshi5
Received:
2021-09-13
Revised:
2022-04-06
Published:
2022-08-25
Online:
2022-10-25
Supported by:
摘要:
“一带一路”倡议提出后,跨境经济合作的重要性愈发凸显。国内外学术界探讨了跨境经济合作的地缘政治环境及其合作内容,但鲜有研究深入探讨其空间组织模式历史演变。本文以布伦纳的新国家空间理论为基础,提出跨境经济合作多尺度空间组织模式的分析框架,以黑龙江和俄罗斯远东为例,探讨中俄跨境经济合作空间组织模式演变。研究表明:苏联解体后,中俄跨境经济合作空间组织模式大致经历了3个阶段:以边境贸易为主(20世纪90年代)、以境外产业园引领(2000—2013年)、以跨境交通走廊为导向(2013年至今)。20世纪80年代末,黑龙江省陆续开放对俄口岸,90年代初期中俄进入了边境贸易快速发展阶段。90年代中后期,以边境贸易为主导的中俄跨境经济合作模式危机凸显,引发2000年后以境外产业园引领的新一轮合作模式重构。2013年以后中俄两国政府开始实施以跨境交通走廊为引领的经济合作新模式。每次新模式的产生都是为解决旧有模式危机而采取的多尺度多维度要素重组的结果,新旧模式之间具有一定程度的历史依赖性。本文有助于丰富新国家空间理论,同时为中俄跨境经济高质量的发展提供科学基础。
李晓玲, 刘志高, 谭爽, 修春亮, 贺红士. 中国黑龙江省与俄远东跨境经济合作空间组织模式的演变[J]. 地理学报, 2022, 77(8): 2083-2096.
LI Xiaoling, LIU Zhigao, TAN Shuang, XIU Chunliang, HE Hongshi. Evolution of spatial organization pattern of economic cooperation between Heilongjiang of China and Far East of Russia[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022, 77(8): 2083-2096.
表1
1991—1998年黑龙江省对俄贸易情况
年份 | 全省进出口贸易 (亿美元) | 黑龙江对俄罗斯贸易 (亿美元) | 对俄边境 贸易总额 (亿美元) | 对俄贸易占全省进出口 贸易比重(%) | 对俄边境贸易占全省对俄贸易比重(%) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
贸易总额 | 进口额 | 出口额 | 贸易总额 | 进口额 | 出口额 | 贸易总额 | 贸易总额 | 进口额 | 出口额 | 贸易总额 | ||
1991 | 20.18 | 6.41 | 13.78 | 8.70 | 4.08 | 4.62 | 5.83 | 43.11 | 63.65 | 33.53 | 67.01 | |
1992 | 28.81 | 10.50 | 18.31 | 15.85 | 7.45 | 8.40 | - | 55.02 | 70.95 | 45.88 | - | |
1993 | 30.54 | 11.69 | 18.84 | 19.51 | 8.85 | 10.66 | - | 63.88 | 75.71 | 56.58 | - | |
1994 | 30.94 | 12.56 | 18.38 | 16.11 | 8.58 | 7.53 | 12.31 | 52.07 | 68.31 | 40.97 | 76.41 | |
1995 | 34.30 | 13.34 | 20.96 | 15.30 | 6.75 | 8.55 | 13.26 | 44.61 | 50.60 | 40.79 | 86.67 | |
1996 | 35.17 | 17.06 | 18.11 | 14.20 | 7.22 | 6.98 | 5.98 | 40.38 | 42.32 | 38.54 | 42.11 | |
1997 | 35.82 | 15.81 | 20.02 | 14.18 | 7.00 | 7.18 | 4.11 | 39.59 | 44.28 | 35.86 | 28.98 | |
1998 | 38.13 | 17.78 | 20.35 | 16.42 | 7.78 | 8.65 | 5.60 | 43.06 | 43.76 | 42.51 | 34.10 |
表2
黑龙江省在俄罗斯远东地区建立境外园区
序号 | 园区名称 | 创建年份 | 开发主体 | 空间分布 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 滨海华宇经济贸易合作区 | 2003 | 黑龙江华宇工贸集团 | 滨海边疆区 |
2 | 中俄(滨海边疆区)现代农业经济合作区 | 2004 | 东宁华信经济贸易有限责任公司 | 滨海边疆区 |
3 | 乌苏里斯克(城子)经贸合作区 | 2006 | 黑龙江省吉信工贸集团 | 滨海边疆区 |
4 | 东宁华洋境外绿色农业合作园区 | 2011 | 东宁华洋贸易有限公司 | 滨海边疆区 |
5 | 跃进高科技产业园 | 2012 | 绥芬河市跃进经贸公司 | 滨海边疆区 |
6 | 新友谊农场 | 2012 | 牡丹江农垦新友谊农业经济开发有限公司 | 滨海边疆区 |
7 | 中俄远东经贸合作区 | 2012 | 绥芬河曲美木业发展有限公司 | 滨海边疆区 |
8 | 龙跃林业经贸合作区 | 2013 | 牡丹江市龙跃经贸有限公司 | 犹太自治州 |
9 | 阿穆尔州和兴商贸物流园 | 2014 | 黑河和兴经贸有限公司 | 阿穆尔州 |
10 | 北极星林业经贸合作区 | 2014 | 黑龙江兴邦国际资源投资股份有限公司 | 后贝加尔边疆区 |
11 | 中俄农牧业产业示范园区 | 2014 | 黑龙江龙源润丰经贸有限公司 | 滨海边疆区 |
12 | 鹏瑞境外林业采伐加工区 | 2016 | 绥芬河鹏瑞经贸有限责任公司 | 滨海边疆区 |
13 | 阿穆尔州别列佐夫卡石化建材加工园区 | 2016 | 梦兰星河能源股份有限公司 | 阿穆尔州 |
14 | 春天农业产业经贸合作区 | 2016 | 牡丹江盛弘源经贸有限公司 | 阿穆尔州 |
15 | 黑河北丰中俄阿穆尔农业(畜牧)业园区 | 2016 | 黑河市北丰农业科技服务有限公司 | 阿穆尔州 |
16 | 阿穆尔综合园区 | 2016 | 黑龙江中铁龙兴投资发展有限公司 | 犹太自治州 |
表3
2013—2020年黑龙江省对俄边境贸易发展情况
年份 | 黑龙江省对俄罗斯贸易 (亿美元) | 边境贸易总额 (亿美元) | 对俄边境贸易占黑龙江省 对俄罗斯比重(%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
贸易总额 | 进口额 | 出口额 | 贸易总额 | 贸易总额 | |||
2013 | 223.64 | 154.55 | 69.09 | 78.87 | 35.27 | ||
2014 | 232.83 | 142.80 | 90.03 | 73.36 | 31.51 | ||
2015 | 108.39 | 84.96 | 23.53 | 34.86 | 32.16 | ||
2016 | 91.95 | 74.94 | 17.01 | 26.53 | 28.86 | ||
2017 | 109.43 | 93.84 | 15.59 | 31.09 | 28.41 | ||
2018 | 184.45 | 173.19 | 11.27 | 28.24 | 15.31 | ||
2019 | 184.20 | 169.70 | 14.50 | 24.22 | 13.15 | ||
2020 | 149.11 | 134.53 | 14.59 | - | - |
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