地理学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 77 ›› Issue (8): 2019-2033.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202208012
收稿日期:
2021-05-06
修回日期:
2022-02-16
出版日期:
2022-08-25
发布日期:
2022-10-25
通讯作者:
焦胜(1973-), 男, 湖南长沙人, 博士, 教授, 主要从事生态城市规划、城乡人居环境可持续发展研究。E-mail: jiaosheng2008@163.com作者简介:
韩宗伟(1987-), 男, 湖北宜昌人, 博士生, 副教授, 主要从事安全韧性城市规划研究。E-mail: hansarm@foxmail.com
基金资助:
HAN Zongwei1,2(), JIAO Sheng1,3(
)
Received:
2021-05-06
Revised:
2022-02-16
Published:
2022-08-25
Online:
2022-10-25
Supported by:
摘要:
均衡的公共卫生服务是保障人民有效享受健康公平权的重要途径,医疗机构布局、人口分布以及建设用地与公共卫生服务均等性密切相关。本文运用空间统计分析、可能—满意度模型、“公共卫生服务均等性—建设用地—人口分布”耦合协调度模型等方法,分析1980—2019年湘鄂豫三省的公共卫生服务均等性时空演变规律,以及均等性和建设用地、人口分布耦合协调关系的变迁特征。结果表明:① 公共卫生服务均等性总体在中等水平(0.7~0.8)左右波动,呈现先上升后下降的趋势,湘鄂豫公共卫生服务均等性的平均增速分别为-7.68%、-0.96%、 -2.11%;② 湘鄂豫公共卫生服务空间上存在显著聚集特征,“高—高”集聚和“低—低”集聚的极化效应明显,且8个方位内公共卫生服务均等性差异明显,说明其发展不平衡不充分问题突出;③ 公共卫生服务与建设用地、人口分布的相互作用程度和同步发展程度较弱,三者协调发展程度处于失调向协调的转型期。在中国新发展阶段,为顺应复杂的“人—地”关系变迁规律,公共卫生服务均等性的时空发展格局以及其方位差异特征可为优质公共卫生服务资源的均衡配给和公平性提升提供决策依据。
韩宗伟, 焦胜. 1980—2019年湘鄂豫公共卫生服务均等性及其人地关系的时空差异[J]. 地理学报, 2022, 77(8): 2019-2033.
HAN Zongwei, JIAO Sheng. The equality of public health services and the spatiotemporal heterogeneities of human-land relationships in Hunan, Hubei, and Henan from 1980 to 2019[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022, 77(8): 2019-2033.
表1
基于不透水面的人口空间网格化过程[31-32]
步骤 | 计算内容 | 公式 |
---|---|---|
① | 以3像元×3像元窗口计算中心像元的建设用地密集度值,即窗口内建设用地像元数占比 | |
② | 计算行政区C的平均人口密度pc,以及该区域内建设用地的9类密集度值区域内对应人口密度pbc,分别由行政区C的总人口Pzc,对应区域内建设用地总面积Azc和各建设用地密度值b对应的建设用地总面积Abc比值得到,b为1到9的整数,以下b取值相同 | |
③ | 计算行政区C人口密度分量dc,以及该区域内9类建设用地密集度值区域对应的人口密度分量dbc | |
④ | 分别计算行政区域C中i地建设用地面积Aci、各建设用地密集度值区域的总面积Abc与建设用地总面积Azc的比例aci和abci | |
⑤ | 计算行政区域C中i地的人口数据Rci,其中Nbc为行政区C中建设用地密集度值b对应的单元格数量 | |
表2
1980—2019年湘鄂豫医疗机构数量(家)
机构类型 | 湖南 | 湖北 | 河南 | 总数 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | ||
医院 | 496 | 572 | 1100 | 3630 | 524 | 622 | 985 | 2294 | 712 | 845 | 1209 | 4441 | 10365 |
专业医疗机构 | 345 | 349 | 357 | 456 | 329 | 334 | 363 | 427 | 479 | 482 | 489 | 601 | 1484 |
基层医疗机构 | 2322 | 2327 | 2800 | 3567 | 1414 | 1436 | 1573 | 2482 | 2000 | 2002 | 2103 | 3910 | 9959 |
其他医疗机构 | 11 | 56 | 6050 | 17256 | 26 | 45 | 2365 | 11977 | 34 | 41 | 1295 | 6364 | 35597 |
总数 | 3174 | 3304 | 10307 | 24909 | 2293 | 2437 | 5286 | 17180 | 3225 | 3370 | 5096 | 15316 | 57405 |
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