乡村政治能人治理能力与产业融合发展的耦合关系及作用机制

doi:10.11821/dlxb202208010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

乡村治理是中国治理体系的底层与基座,产业融合发展是乡村振兴的核心,也是考量乡村治理绩效的重要方面。在现行的“乡政村治”治理模式下,政治能人替代传统乡贤成为新的乡村治理主体,探究其治理能力与产业融合发展之间的耦合关系及作用机制,对实现乡村振兴战略、构建“三治合一”的治理体系具有重大而深远的意义。本文在系统检视政治能人—产业融合发展耦合关系和作用机制框架的基础上,分别建构了政治能人治理能力、乡村产业融合发展的测评指标体系,以甘肃省金昌市139个行政村为评价单元,采用地理探测器模型,揭示了治理能力与产业融合发展的耦合关系及作用机制。研究表明：① 139个行政村中,“内生”型（En型）和“内生+嵌入”型（En-Em型）村庄分别占45.3%和54.7%,两类村庄中,内涵特征指标值差异较小,而外延指标值En-Em型村庄较En型村庄大;② 产业融合以中低水平为主,且En-Em型村庄产业融合的基础、广度和深度以及效果均好于En型村庄;③ 单因子探测显示两类村庄乡村产业融合受外延因子的影响较内涵因子大,且En-Em型村庄较En型村庄弱;双因子交互作用探测显示内涵因子在En型村庄中的作用较En-Em型村庄强,而外延因子相反,表明嵌入型政治能人治理能力对产业融合的作用较为显著。

关键词: 乡村政治能人, 治理能力, 产业融合, 耦合关系, 作用机制, 甘肃省金昌市

Abstract:

Rural governance is the foundation of China's governance system. Integrated industrial development is the core of rural revitalization and it is also an important aspect of rural governance performance. Under the current governance model of "Township Administration and Villagers' Autonomy", political elite replaces traditional village elite to become the new main body of rural governance. Exploring the coupling relationship and mechanism between its governance ability and industrial integration development is of great and far-reaching significance for realizing the rural revitalization and constructing the governance system of "three-in-one". On the basis of a systematic review of the coupling relationship and mechanism framework of the rural political elite governance ability and industrial integration development, this study constructs an evaluation index system of political elite's governance ability and rural industry integration development respectively. Taking 139 administrative villages in Jinchang City of Gansu Province as evaluation units, this paper reveals the coupling relationship and mechanism between governance ability and industrial integration by using geographical detector model. This results show that: (1) Among the 139 administrative villages, "Endophytic" (En type) and "Endophytic and Embedded" (En-Em type) villages account for 45.3% and 54.7%, respectively. Among the two types, the difference of connotation characteristic index is small, while the value of extension index is larger in En-Em type villages than that in En type villages. (2) The industrial integration is dominated by low and medium levels, and the foundation, breadth, depth and efficiency of industrial integration in En-Em type villages are better than those in En type villages. (3) Single factor detection shows that the rural industrial integration of the two types of villages is more affected by the extension factor than by the connotation factor, and En-Em type villages are weaker than En type villages. The two-factor interaction detection shows that the connotation factor plays a greater role in En type villages than in En-Em type villages, while the extension factor is opposite. This indicates that the governance ability of embedded political elite has a more significant effect on industrial integration.

Key words: rural political elite, governance ability, industrial integration, coupling relationship, mechanism, Jinchang, Gansu Province

马利邦, 李梓妍, 王录仓, 石志浩. 乡村政治能人治理能力与产业融合发展的耦合关系及作用机制[J]. 地理学报, 2022, 77(8): 1987-2005.

MA Libang, LI Ziyan, WANG Lucang, SHI Zhihao. The coupling relationship and mechanism between the governance ability of political elite and the development of industrial integration in rural areas[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022, 77(8): 1987-2005.

图/表 10

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表4

金昌市En和En-Em型村庄乡村产业融合影响因素探测结果

产业融合	q值	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈
B₁	X₁	0.024^ 0.021^	0.085	0.473	0.221	0.272	0.209	0.253	0.179
	X₂	0.073	0.018 0.001	0.296	0.118	0.171	0.121	0.098	0.143
	X₃	0.276	0.123	0.088^* 0.051^	0.393	0.415	0.450	0.450	0.457
	X₄	0.334	0.130	0.27	0.062^ 0.048^	0.115	0.299	0.300	0.166
	X₅	0.287	0.113	0.252	0.331	0.082^ 0.07^*	0.474	0.288	0.177
	X₆	0.379	0.185	0.411	0.537	0.443	0.075^ 0.133^*	0.195	0.494
	X₇	0.465	0.220	0.445	0.542	0.362	0.233	0.025^ 0.139^*	0.373
	X₈	0.234	0.189	0.322	0.254	0.196	0.478	0.278	0.056^ 0.136^*
B₂	X₁	0.063^ 0.068^	0.128	0.365	0.317	0.283	0.521	0.255	0.178
	X₂	0.186	0.005 0.004	0.119	0.178	0.091	0.132	0.078	0.087
	X₃	0.165	0.084	0.011 0.018^**	0.289	0.294	0.569	0.250	0.337
	X₄	0.485	0.201	0.282	0.092^* 0.090^*	0.639	0.419	0.152	0.162
	X₅	0.456	0.223	0.275	0.125	0.042^ 0.083^*	0.168	0.315	0.332
	X₆	0.305	0.102	0.225	0.234	0.285	0.083^* 0.078^	0.372	0.278
	X₇	0.449	0.186	0.304	0.186	0.187	0.293	0.022^ 0.116^*	0.124
	X₈	0.324	0.167	0.246	0.480	0.492	0.357	0.277	0.036^ 0.066^
B₃	X₁	0.046^ 0.081^	0.162	0.300	0.296	0.300	0.329	0.344	0.231
	X₂	0.153	0.039^** 0.010	0.171	0.149	0.091	0.091	0.290	0.169
	X₃	0.439	0.152	0.038^ 0.089^	0.259	0.299	0.344	0.319	0.263
	X₄	0.267	0.059	0.464	0.050^*** 0.008	0.130	0.306	0.356	0.198
	X₅	0.277	0.058	0.475	0.037	0.015 0.007	0.251	0.294	0.237
	X₆	0.344	0.097	0.472	0.135	0.139	0.025^ 0.074^	0.295	0.343
	X₇	0.283	0.066	0.473	0.086	0.094	0.182	0.126^* 0.125^*	0.419
	X₈	0.247	0.064	0.488	0.118	0.122	0.195	0.104	0.073^* 0.018^
A	X₁	0.062^ 0.047^	0.137	0.289	0.256	0.295	0.443	0.230	0.245
	X₂	0.164	0.045^** 0.007	0.196	0.143	0.085	0.089	0.183	0.178
	X₃	0.222	0.101	0.039^ 0.034^	0.260	0.448	0.444	0.232	0.285
	X₄	0.327	0.160	0.283	0.052^ 0.051^*	0.388	0.336	0.180	0.186
	X₅	0.307	0.174	0.287	0.102	0.014 0.051^**	0.123	0.309	0.369
	X₆	0.288	0.123	0.378	0.258	0.279	0.022^ 0.104^*	0.337	0.287
	X₇	0.353	0.160	0.336	0.222	0.191	0.309	0.044^ 0.125^*	0.237
	X₈	0.265	0.151	0.260	0.373	0.382	0.352	0.214	0.085^* 0.045^

表4

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一级指标	二级指标	指标赋值	指标描述
内涵指标	年龄(X₁)	26~45岁=1;46~60岁=2	村“两委”班子的年龄结构
	受教育年限(X₂)	9年(初中)=1;12年(高中)=2;15年及以上(大专及以上)=3	村“两委”班子的教育结构
	劳动报酬(X₃)	≤ 3万元=1;3万~4万元=2;4万~5万元=3;>5万元=4	村“两委”班子从事管理工作获取的正常报酬
外延指标	资源获取与转化能力 (X₄)	村委会主任=1;党支部书记=3;第一书记=5	获取政府政策、下乡资源等各类资源,并转化为村庄产业发展的要素
	经济调动与组织能力 (X₅)	村委会主任=4.5;党支部书记=3;第一书记=3	开展生产和交易等各种经营活动,发起组织农民专业合作社
	技术引进与消化能力 (X₆)	村委会主任=5;党支部书记=5;第一书记=3	引进技术延伸产业链且用于二三产业生产过程的能力
	资金获取与配置能力 (X₇)	村委会主任=1;党支部书记=2;第一书记=5	从政府、银行、企业、社会组织等获取资金并高效使用
	村庄管理与治理能力 (X₈)	村委会主任=1.5;党支部书记=2.5;第一书记=3	依赖他们拥有的资源和权威,在乡村发展事务中发挥领导、管理、决策作用,是村庄的管理者

目标层	准则层	一级指标	二级指标
乡村产业融合水平A	产业融合基础B₁	用地保障C₁	水浇地面积占比D₁;林地面积占比D₂
		灌溉设施保障C₂	每亩耕地能正常使用的机电井数量D₃;每亩耕地排灌站数量D₄;每亩耕地占有的灌溉用水塘和水库数量D₅
		基础设施保障C₃	通公路的村民小组个数占比D₆;通宽带互联网的村民小组个数占比D₇;通电话的村民小组个数占比D₈;通电的村民小组个数占比D₉
	产业融合广度和深度B₂	一产专业化、规模化经营程度C₄	农民专业合作社成员数量D₁₀;农民专业合作社数量D₁₁;家庭农场的数量D₁₂;专业大户的数量D₁₃;规模经营耕地面积D₁₄;设施种植业面积D₁₅;设施林业面积D₁₆;设施畜牧养殖面积D₁₇;土地流转面积D₁₈
		一产向二产延伸C₅	农产品加工企业个数D₁₉;农业企业数量D₂₀
		一产向三产延伸C₆	村集体经营性建设用地面积D₂₁;物流、仓储用地面积D₂₂;开展网上销售农产品的农户数D₂₃;休闲农业和乡村旅游接待人次D₂₄;有营业执照、开展休闲农业和乡村旅游的农户数D₂₅;营业面积超过50 m²的综合商店或超市个数D₂₆
	产业融合效果B₃	融合的社会效益C₇	返乡创业人数D₂₇;全家外出半年以上人数D₂₈;留守人数(儿童、妇女、老人)占比D₂₉;建档立卡贫困人口占比D₃₀;农村特困救助供养人数D₃₁
	产业融合效果B₃	融合的经济效益C₈	全年村集体收入D₃₂;农村居民人均可支配收入D₃₃;村集体资产收益率D₃₄;本村居民从村集体获得的收益D₃₅

因子关系	交互作用
q(X₁∩X₂)˂Min(q(X₁), q(X₂))	非线性减弱
Min(q(X₁), q(X₂))˂q(X₁∩X₂)˂Max(q(X₁), q(X₂))	单因子非线性减弱
q(X₁∩X₂)˃Max(q(X₁), q(X₂))	双因子增强
q(X₁∩X₂)=q(X₁)+q(X₂)	独立
q(X₁∩X₂)˃q(X₁)+q(X₂)	非线性增强