白洋淀地区晚冰期以来的气候和环境演变

doi:10.11821/dlxb202205011

地理学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 77 ›› Issue (5): 1195-1210.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202205011

白洋淀地区晚冰期以来的气候和环境演变

王娜¹(), 许清海¹^,²(), 张生瑞¹^,², 阳小兰³, 王丹丹¹, 孙沅浩⁴, 王涛⁴

1.河北师范大学地理科学学院,石家庄 050024
2.河北省环境演变与生态建设重点实验室,石家庄 050024
3.河北省科学院地理科学研究所,石家庄 050011
4.兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州 730000

收稿日期:2021-06-27 修回日期:2022-04-08 出版日期:2022-05-25 发布日期:2022-07-25
通讯作者: 许清海(1951-), 男, 河北石家庄人, 教授, 主要从事全球变化与第四纪孢粉学研究。E-mail: xuqinghai@hebtu.edu.cn
作者简介:王娜(1996-), 女, 山西大同人, 硕士生, 自然地理学专业。E-mail: wnangnaw@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41630753);国家自然科学基金项目(41702184);国家自然科学基金项目(41501048);中国国家基金委和瑞典皇家教育基金会国际合作项目(41611130050);河北省环境演变与生态建设重点实验室和河北省重点学科基金项目

Climatic and environmental evolution of the Baiyangdian area since the Lateglacial

WANG Na¹(), XU Qinghai¹^,²(), ZHANG Shengrui¹^,², YANG Xiaolan³, WANG Dandan¹, SUN Yuanhao⁴, WANG Tao⁴

1. School of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
2. Hebei Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
3. Institute of Geographical Science, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
4. College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2021-06-27 Revised:2022-04-08 Published:2022-05-25 Online:2022-07-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41630753);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41702184);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41501048);International Cooperation Program between the National Natural Foundation of China and the Royal Swedish Educational Foundation(41611130050);The Hebei Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction and Key Discipline Fund Project in Hebei Province

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

华北平原晚冰期以来气候环境演变研究对该地区社会发展、灾害风险评估和科学应对未来全球增温背景下极端降水和洪涝事件具有重要意义。本文以华北平原中部白洋淀地区高阳剖面（BG-2019）为研究对象,通过高精度AMS¹⁴C、OSL定年技术和高分辨率孢粉组合、粒度组分分析,恢复和重建了白洋淀地区晚冰期以来（距今13710 a—今）区域植被演替和气候环境变化历史。结果显示：BG-2019剖面在距今10270~13710 a和距今4630~5400 a发育湖相沉积,距今3470~3700 a发育沼泽相沉积;距今7130~8000 a发育河流—入湖三角洲相沉积,距今3700~4630 a和距今3230~3470 a发育河流相沉积;距今8000~10270 a和距今5400~7130 a存在明显的沉积间断/地层缺失;表明采样剖面所在位置缺乏连续的湖相地层。晚冰期白洋淀为局地小湖沼;中全新世湖沼较发育、范围广,但也不是连续广袤的湖相沉积;晚全新世湖泊范围收缩。晚冰期和全新世白洋淀流域植被景观存在显著差异;晚冰期气候寒冷干燥,平原发育以蒿属、藜亚科、禾本科和菊科等为主的草地,周围山地森林覆盖度低;中全新世气候温暖湿润,平原大部仍发育以蒿属、藜亚科和禾本科为主的草地,湖区水蕨和水生植物繁盛,周围山地生长松属、栎属为主的针阔混交林,森林覆盖度增高;晚全新世气候温和偏干,平原仍是以蒿属、藜亚科和禾本科等为主的草地,西部山地生长以松属为主的针阔混交林,森林覆盖度较高。

关键词: 白洋淀, 晚冰期, 全新世, 古植被, 古气候

Abstract:

The North China Plain is a typical diluvial-alluvial plain with an unstable depositional environment and poor sedimentary continuity. However, the effects of changes in sedimentary phases or hiatuses were not considered in previous studies of the sedimentary record of the North China Plain, which limits our understanding of the environmental and climatic evolution of the region during the historical period. Baiyangdian, the largest freshwater lake in the plain, is a potentially valuable archive of regional paleoenvironmental information since the late Pleistocene. We investigated a sedimentary profile (BG-2019; 38°46'2.55"N, 115°49'0.41"E; 7 m a.s.l) in Gaoyang County, in the southwestern part of Baiyangdian Lake region; the profile is ~6 m long. The results of AMS ¹⁴C and OSL dating indicate that profile BG-2019 has two intervals of lacustrine facies, two intervals of fluvial facies, one interval of swamp facies, one interval of fluvial-lacustrine delta facies, and two intervals of non-deposition or stratigraphic lacunae. The ages of the various facies are as follows. Lacustrine facies: 10270-13710 cal a BP and 4630-5400 cal a BP; swamp facies: 3470-3700 cal a BP; fluvial-lacustrine delta facies: 7130-8000 cal a BP; fluvial facies: 3700-4630 cal a BP and 3230-3470 cal a BP;; intervals of interrupted deposition: 8000-10270 cal a BP and 5400-7130 cal a BP. Therefore, no continuous lacustrine facies exists in the Baiyangdian region since the Lateglacial. Baiyangdian was a small lake during the Lateglacial, but was more extensive during the middle Holocene, although with discontinuous lacustrine facies. During the late Holocene the lake began to shrink under the influence of climate change and human activity. No other than human activity around the modern Baiyangdian Lake was reserved. Pollen analysis shows that the vegetation landscape of the Baiyangdian Basin differed substantially between the Lateglacial and the middle Holocene. During the Lateglacial, the climate was cold and dry, and vegetation dominated by Artemisia, Chenopodioideae, Poaceae and Asteraceae developed in the plain, while the western mountains had a limited forest cover. During the middle Holocene, when the climate was warm and humid, grassland vegetation dominated by Artemisia, Chenopodioideae and Poaceae developed in the plain; Ceratopteris and aquatic plants flourished in and around the lake; and coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest dominated by Pinus and Quercus developed in the western mountains, with an increased forest cover. During the middle-late Holocene, when the climate was relatively mild and dry, grassland vegetation dominated by Artemisia, Chenopodioideae and Poaceae persisted in the plain; and coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest dominated by Pinus developed in the western mountains, with a high forest cover age.

Key words: Baiyangdian Lake, Lateglacial, Holocene, paleovegetation, paleoclimate

王娜, 许清海, 张生瑞, 阳小兰, 王丹丹, 孙沅浩, 王涛. 白洋淀地区晚冰期以来的气候和环境演变[J]. 地理学报, 2022, 77(5): 1195-1210.

WANG Na, XU Qinghai, ZHANG Shengrui, YANG Xiaolan, WANG Dandan, SUN Yuanhao, WANG Tao. Climatic and environmental evolution of the Baiyangdian area since the Lateglacial[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022, 77(5): 1195-1210.

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沉积相	取样部位	深度(m)	测试材料	¹⁴C年龄(a BP)	校正年龄 (2σ, cal a BP)	校正年龄中值 (cal a BP)
湖相层Ⅱ	顶部	2.48~2.50	全样	3850±30	4153~4406	4268
	中部	3.00~3.02	全样	4560±30	5052~5436	5185
	底部	3.42~3.44	全样	4690±30	5319~5553	5392
湖相层Ⅰ	顶部	4.48~4.50	全样	9180±30	10244~10486	10329
	中部	5.00~5.02	全样	9980±30	11269~11682	11419
	底部	6.00~6.02	全样	11880±40	13602~13800	13712

沉积相	取样部位	深度 (m)	U (ppm)	Th(ppm)	K(%)	等效剂量E.D (Gy)	年剂量Dy (Gy/ka)	含水量（%）	年龄(a)
河流相层Ⅱ	顶部	0.6~0.64	1.94	9.61	1.65	11.26±0.48	3.44±0.14	11.5	3300±200
河流相层Ⅰ	顶部	1.28~1.32	1.81	9.36	1.74	13.16±0.89	3.43±0.14	14.1	3800±300
	中部	1.80~1.84	1.77	8.91	1.74	15.04±1.10	3.30±0.13	22.2	4600±400
	底部	2.46~2.50	1.70	8.61	1.67	15.00±0.79	3.19±0.13	19.5	4700±300
河流—入湖三角洲相层	顶部	3.56~3.60	1.73	9.87	1.68	23.88±0.67	3.29±0.13	21.7	7300±400
河流—入湖三角洲相层	底部	4.36~4.40	1.65	9.04	1.69	25.50±1.99	3.17±0.13	24.0	8000±700

白洋淀地区晚冰期以来的气候和环境演变

Climatic and environmental evolution of the Baiyangdian area since the Lateglacial

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