中国粮食生产效率空间溢出网络及提升路径

doi:10.11821/dlxb202204015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

现有研究普遍关注粮食生产单元自身资源禀赋以及功能属性,对于经济主体相互作用所产生的外部性研究十分有限。为此,本文在空间引力模型的基础上着重分析网络外部性对粮食生产效率的影响,并以此为逻辑起点进一步探讨网络提升路径以及各空间单元在整体网络中的综合定位与潜力。结果表明,中国粮食生产网络空间溢出效应显著,对粮食生产效率具有明显的促进作用,其实质是规模经营思想在空间维度的扩展,符合近带动远辐射规律,且交通基础设施的互通互联与人口流动是实现网络空间外溢的主要路径。同时,整体网络中共存在4种潜在节点,包括核心控制型、局域核心型、潜力型以及边缘型。未来应充分发挥核心控制型节点的辐射带动作用,加强东西轴带的空间交互影响,实现农业资源技术的跨地域流动与互补。

关键词: 粮食生产效率, 空间网络外部性, 空间计量模型, 二次指派程序, 潜在网络节点, 中国

Abstract:

Existing research has generally focused on the resource endowments and functional attributes of grain production units, with limited studies on the externalities arising from the interactions of economic agents. Therefore, this paper focuses on the impact of network externalities on grain production efficiency based on the spatial gravity model and takes network externalities as a logical starting point to further explore the network enhancement path and the comprehensive positioning and potential of each spatial unit in the overall network. The results show that the spatial spillover effect of China's grain production network is significant and has an obvious promotional effect on grain production efficiency, which is, in essence, the expansion of the idea of scale management in the spatial dimension, consistent with the law of near-driving and far-radiation, and the interconnection of transportation infrastructure and population movement are the main paths to realize the spatial spillover of the network. Additionally, there are four types of potential nodes in the overall network: core control type, local core type, potential type, and edge type. In the future, it is necessary to give full play to the radiation-driven role of core-controlled nodes, strengthen the spatial interaction between the eastern and western regions of China, and realize the cross-regional flow and complementarity of agricultural resources and technologies.

Key words: grain production efficiency, spatial network externalities, spatial measurement model, secondary assignment procedure, potential network node, China

张启楠, 张凡凡, 麦强, 伍国勇. 中国粮食生产效率空间溢出网络及提升路径[J]. 地理学报, 2022, 77(4): 996-1008.

ZHANG Qinan, ZHANG Fanfan, MAI Qiang, WU Guoyong. Spatial spillover networks and enhancement paths of grain production efficiency in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022, 77(4): 996-1008.

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变量类型	变量名称	变量符号	均值	标准差	最大值	最小值
被解释变量	粮食生产效率	lnefficiency	0.80	0.13	1.00	0.51
解释变量	外向联系强度	lnoutlink strength	4.98	4.79	30.81	0.05
解释变量	空间辐射范围	lnradiation range	7.10	2.48	14.00	3.00
控制变量	粮食作物播种面积(10³hm²)	lnearea	3658.52	3071.11	14283.08	55.64
	农业从业人员数量(10⁴人)	lnemployee	873.34	666.96	3039.48	33.38
	农用化肥施用量(10⁴t)	lnfertilizer	181.67	145.15	716.09	4.40
	农业机械数量(台)	lnmechanical	41878.43	61022.41	315200.00	280.00
其他变量	人均地区生产总值(元/人)	lnGDP	41905.61	25234.54	153095.00	5750.00
	社会消费品零售总额(10⁸元)	lntotal retail	7115.12	7009.59	39501.10	90.00
	技术市场成交额(10⁸元)	lntech turnover	225.03	541.11	4957.82	0.04
	公路里程(10⁴km)	lnroad mileage	13.57	7.36	33.16	1.04
	客运量(10⁴人)	lnpassenger volume	79569.88	74821.70	574266.00	483.00

变量名称	临近距离矩阵	球面距离矩阵	经济距离矩阵
截距项	-1.619^**	0.995	-4.478^***
lnoutlink strength	0.646^***	0.606^***	0.571^***
lnradiation range	0.096^**	0.035	0.055
lnearea	0.041^*	0.059^***	0.021
lnemployee	0.195^***	0.113^***	0.096^**
lnfertilizer	-0.102^***	-0.036	-0.064^**
lnmechanical	0.013^*	0.003	0.007
W×lnoutlink strength	-0.512^***	-0.552^***	-0.358^***
W×lnradiation range	-0.187^*	0.067	0.471^*
W×lnearea	0.155^***	0.161^**	0.104
W×lnemployee	0.072	-0.330^***	0.586^**
W×lnfertilizer	-0.171^***	-0.204^***	-0.232^**
W×y	-0.059^***	-0.051^***	-0.075^**
lnoutlink strength	0.610^***	0.630^***	0.652^***
R²	0.544	0.539	0.543
Log-L	574.545	562.839	561.105

变量	非标准回归系数	标准回归系数	显著性概率	p ≥ 0	p ≤ 0
截距项	-0.023	0.000
lnGDP	-0.094	-0.105	0.005	0.996	0.005
lntotal retail	0.059	0.069	0.063	0.063	0.937
lntech turnover	0.049	0.051	0.065	0.065	0.935
lnroad mileage	0.086	0.101	0.001	0.001	1.000
lnpassenger volume	0.112	0.128	0.000	0.000	1.000
0~250矩阵	0.944	0.269	0.000	0.000	1.000
250~500矩阵	0.858	0.564	0.000	0.000	1.000
500~750矩阵	0.523	0.376	0.000	0.000	1.000
750~1000矩阵	0.146	0.116	0.000	0.000	1.000
1000~1250矩阵	0.035	0.029	0.123	0.123	0.877
R²	0.537
调整R²	0.532

节点类型	基本特征	主要省域
核心控制型	相对效率等级高、度数中心度高、中间中心度高、接近中心度高	河南、山东、湖北、湖南、西藏、江苏
局域核心型	相对效率等级高、度数中心度中低、中间中心度中低、接近中心度中低	黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、上海、浙江、江西、新疆
潜力型	相对效率等级中低、度数中心度中高、中间中心度中高、接近中心度中高	安徽、福建、河北、重庆、内蒙古、广东、四川、陕西
边缘型	相对效率等级中低、度数中心度中低、中间中心度中低、接近中心度中低	广西、贵州、云南、海南、青海、天津、北京、山西、宁夏、甘肃