中国乡村旅游重点村的空间特征与影响因素

doi:10.11821/dlxb202204009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

乡村旅游重点村是推进乡村旅游高质量发展的典型示范,对优化乡村旅游供给、引领乡村旅游发展具有重要意义。本文运用最邻近指数、核密度估计等方法分析了中国1000个乡村旅游重点村的空间分布格局和结构特征,揭示了乡村旅游重点村的空间分异规律。运用多元线性回归、矢量缓冲分析、地理探测器等方法剖析了影响乡村旅游重点村空间分布的主要因素。研究发现：① 乡村旅游重点村总体呈“东多西少”的空间分布格局。省际空间密度分层特征明显,“双核心—环核群—带状区”的空间分布规律突出。② 乡村旅游重点村的空间分布具有显著的空间正相关性,地域间呈冷点分散、热点集中的空间分异格局。③ 6类乡村旅游重点村的核密度呈一高五低、分异鲜明的类型特征。④ 乡村旅游重点村空间分布格局的形成是自然生态、社会经济、交通配套、景区资源、政策环境五大因素共同影响的结果。人均GDP和居民消费支出具有显著正向影响,客源市场距离及交通通达距离是负向影响因素。⑤ 各类乡村旅游重点村空间分布的驱动因素各异,与村落资源禀赋和发展特点具有密切关系。

关键词: 乡村旅游重点村, 乡村旅游, 空间分布, 结构类型, 影响因素, 中国

Abstract:

The key villages of rural tourism are typical demonstrations for promoting the high-quality development of rural tourism, which are of great significance for optimizing rural tourism supply and leading rural tourism development. The article analyzes the spatial distribution pattern and structural characteristics of 1000 key villages of rural tourism nationwide by using Nearest Neighbor Index and Kernel Density Estimation. The study further reveals spatial differentiation of the key villages of rural tourism. The main factors affecting spatial distribution of the key villages of rural tourism are analyzed by using Multiple Linear Regression, Vector Buffer Analysis and Geographic Detectors. The conclusions can be drawn as follows. Firstly, there are more key villages of rural tourism in the eastern region than in the western region of China. The inter-provincial spatial density stratification feature is obvious and the spatial distribution pattern of double core-ring core cluster-ribbon zone is unique. Secondly, the spatial distribution of key villages of rural tourism has significant positive spatial correlation. The key villages of rural tourism are spatially dispersed in cold spots and concentrated in hot spots. Thirdly, kernel density estimation shows that villages of agricultural production type have high spatial distribution density, while the others have low density. Fourthly, the spatial distribution pattern is the result of five factors: natural ecology, social economy, transportation facilities, scenic resources and policy environment. Gross domestic product per capita and household consumption expenditure have a significant positive impact, while the distance from the tourist market and the distance from transportation access are negative influencing factors. Fifthly, the driving factors for the spatial distribution of various types of villages are different and closely related to the village resource endowment and development characteristics.

Key words: key villages of rural tourism, rural tourism, spatial distribution, structure type, influencing factor, China

王秀伟, 李晓军. 中国乡村旅游重点村的空间特征与影响因素[J]. 地理学报, 2022, 77(4): 900-917.

WANG Xiuwei, LI Xiaojun. Characteristics and influencing factors of the key villages of rural tourism in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022, 77(4): 900-917.

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影响因素	因子选取	因子简称	指标选择(单位)	标准化系数	VIF
自然生态	地形地势	AL	海拔高度(m)	-0.037^*	4.296
自然生态	水文条件	RI	水源距离(km)	-0.076^*	2.374
社会经济	人均地区生产总值	GDP	人均GDP(元)	0.301^**	1.835
	居民消费支出	CE	城镇居民人均消费支出(元/人)	0.324^*	3.576
	旅游总收入	TI	年旅游收入(亿元)	0.191^**	2.822
交通配套	交通运输总量	TS	公路客运量(万人)	0.089^**	2.471
	交通通达距离	TD	村落距近邻交通要道距离(km)	-0.227^*	2.463
	客源市场距离	MD	距最近行政城市距离(km)	-0.178^*	3.244
景区资源	高级别景区数	NS	4A级及以上景区数量(个)	0.103^*	1.682
政策环境	政策数量	PQ	政策颁布数量(项)	0.183^*	2.786
政策环境	政策等级	PH	政策颁布等级(1/2/3级)	0.051	3.233
模型数据	R = 0.842 R²= 0.709 调整后R²= 0.701 F = 293.22 Sig. = 0.00 df = 282

缓冲距离(km)	10	20	30	40	50
公路覆盖村落(个)	413	625	762	843	903
铁路覆盖村落(个)	162	383	487	567	626

q值	农业生产类重点村	自然生态类重点村	产业主题类重点村	景区名胜类重点村	风土民俗类重点村	遗址遗存类重点村
AL	0.561	0.608	0.209	0.334	0.227	0.572
RI	0.322	0.541	0.114	0.273	0.265	0.425
GDP	0.573	0.382	0.469	0.292	0.303	0.227
CE	0.497	0.291	0.445	0.306	0.415	0.313
TI	0.311	0.255	0.305	0.249	0.520	0.106
TS	0.262	0.173	0.161	0.115	0.308	0.145
TD	0.376	0.361	0.290	0.583	0.446	0.249
MD	0.423	0.571	0.537	0.394	0.414	0.366
NS	0.284	0.342	0.107	0.722	0.158	0.274
PQ	0.389	0.124	0.233	0.212	0.286	0.189