青藏高原农业现代化时空分异及其驱动机制

doi:10.11821/dlxb202201015

地理学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 77 ›› Issue (1): 214-227.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202201015

• 生态系统服务与环境健康 • 上一篇下一篇

青藏高原农业现代化时空分异及其驱动机制

刘玉洁¹^,²(), 吕硕¹, 陈洁¹^,², 张婕¹^,², 邱双娟³, 胡一帆⁴, 葛全胜¹^,²

1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101
2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
3.中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳 110016
4.中国地质大学,北京 100191

收稿日期:2020-08-05 修回日期:2021-06-09 出版日期:2022-01-25 发布日期:2022-03-25
作者简介:刘玉洁(1982-), 女, 博士, 研究员, 主要从事全球变化与粮食安全研究。E-mail: liuyujie@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20040301);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28060200);国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金项目(42122003);中国科学院青年创新促进会会员人才专项(Y202016)

Spatio-temporal differentiation of agricultural modernization and its driving mechanism on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

LIU Yujie¹^,²(), LYU Shuo¹, CHEN Jie¹^,², ZHANG Jie¹^,², QIU Shuangjuan³, HU Yifan⁴, GE Quansheng¹^,²

1. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Institute of Applied Ecology, CAS, Shenyang 110016, China
4. China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100191, China

Received:2020-08-05 Revised:2021-06-09 Published:2022-01-25 Online:2022-03-25
Supported by:
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20040301);Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28060200);National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(42122003);Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y202016)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农业现代化是当代农村建设的重要内容和社会经济文明发展的重要衡量标准。本文基于1990—2017年青藏高原统计数据,构建农业现代化综合指标体系,运用熵值法计算各指标权重,进而获得农业现代化指数和各项指标贡献度,以此评估高原农业现代化发展时空特征和驱动因子。研究结果表明：① 1990—2017年青藏高原农业现代化水平普遍偏低（全区平均农业现代化指数为0.15）,呈增加趋势;② 从空间上看,农业现代化水平相对较高的地区分散在高原北部、西南部、南部边缘和一江两河的德格县、湟中县、白朗县、浪卡子县等部分县域;③ 农业现代化指标中,单位耕地面积用电量、有效灌溉率和土地生产率对高原农业现代化水平影响最大（对农业现代化指数的贡献度分别为13%、12%和11%）,其中单位耕地面积用电量和土地生产率增加促进了农业投入水平和农业产出水平,是农业现代化的主要正向驱动因子;单位耕地面积农药使用量的增加不利于环境可持续发展,是农业现代化的主要负向驱动因子。

关键词: 青藏高原, 农业现代化, 发展水平, 时空分异, 驱动因子

Abstract:

Agricultural modernization is important for rural construction, social economy, and civilization development. Based on the statistical data of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1990 to 2017, we built a comprehensive index system with agricultural modernization as the primary index, agricultural input level, agricultural output level, and sustainable agricultural development level as the secondary indexes, and then obtained the weight of each index through the entropy value method. Finally, the agricultural modernization index and driving factors on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were calculated. The results showed that: (1) from 1990 to 2017, the agricultural modernization level in the study area is generally low (with the value of 0.15) compared with the average level of China, showing an increasing trend; (2) the counties of relatively high level of agricultural modernization such as Dege, Huangzhong, Bailang, and Langkazi are scattered in the northern, southeastern and southern edges, and the YLN (Yarlung Zangbo River, Nyangqu River and Lhasa River) region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; (3) electricity consumption per unit cultivated area, effective irrigation rate and land productivity had the greatest effects on the agricultural modernization level on the plateau, with the contribution degrees being 13%, 12% and 11%, respectively.

Key words: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, agricultural modernization, development level, spatio-temporal differentiation, driving factor

刘玉洁, 吕硕, 陈洁, 张婕, 邱双娟, 胡一帆, 葛全胜. 青藏高原农业现代化时空分异及其驱动机制[J]. 地理学报, 2022, 77(1): 214-227.

LIU Yujie, LYU Shuo, CHEN Jie, ZHANG Jie, QIU Shuangjuan, HU Yifan, GE Quansheng. Spatio-temporal differentiation of agricultural modernization and its driving mechanism on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022, 77(1): 214-227.

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一级指标	二级指标	权重	三级指标	计算方法	正/负向指标	权重
农业现代化水平	投入水平	0.30	A1农业劳动力所占比重(%)	农林牧渔劳动力/乡村劳动力	正向	0.04
			A2劳均耕地面积(hm² 人^-1)	耕地面积/农林牧渔劳动力	正向	0.11
			A3单位耕地面积农机总动力((Kw h) hm^-2)	农业机械总动力/耕地面积	正向	0.11
			A4单位耕地面积用电量 (万(Kw h) hm^-2)	农村用电量/耕地面积	正向	0.12
			A5有效灌溉率(%)	有效灌溉面积/耕地面积	正向	0.09
	产出水平	0.68	B1粮食作物单产(kg hm^-2)	粮食产量/耕地面积	正向	0.07
			B2农业产出增长率(%)	(当期农业产值/上年农业产值)-1	正向	0.08
			B3土地生产率(元 hm^-2)	农业产值/耕地面积	正向	0.13
			B4劳均粮食产量(kg 人^-1)	粮食产量/农业从业人员数	正向	0.10
	环境可持续发展水平	0.26	C1单位耕地面积农药使用量	农药使用量/耕地面积	负向	0.05
			C2单位耕地面积化肥施用量(kg hm^-2)	化肥施用量/耕地面积	负向	0.04
			C3土地整理面积(耕地增加面积)(hm²)	当期耕地面积-上年耕地面积	负向	0.05

分区	等级	农业现代化指数范围
低水平	I	0.0~0.06
较低水平	II	0.06~0.11
中等水平	III	0.11~0.15
较高水平	IV	0.15~0.18
高水平	V	≥ 0.18

青藏高原农业现代化时空分异及其驱动机制

Spatio-temporal differentiation of agricultural modernization and its driving mechanism on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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