青藏高原国家公园群功能评价与结构分析

doi:10.11821/dlxb202201014

地理学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 77 ›› Issue (1): 196-213.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202201014

• 生态系统服务与环境健康 • 上一篇下一篇

青藏高原国家公园群功能评价与结构分析

陈东军¹^,²(), 钟林生¹^,³(), 樊杰¹^,³, 虞虎¹^,³, 杨定¹^,³, 曾瑜皙¹^,³

1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101
2.江西财经大学旅游与城市管理学院,南昌 330013
3.中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京 100049

收稿日期:2021-01-08 修回日期:2021-06-24 出版日期:2022-01-25 发布日期:2022-03-25
通讯作者: 钟林生(1971-), 男, 江西于都人, 博士, 研究员, 博士生导师, 主要从事生态旅游与旅游地理研究。E-mail: zhongls@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介:陈东军(1992-), 男, 江西寻乌人, 博士, 讲师, 主要从事自然保护地教育利用及文化与旅游地理研究。E-mail: dongjun925@163.com
基金资助:
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0401);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20020302)

Function evaluation and structure analysis of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau National Park Cluster

CHEN Dongjun¹^,²(), ZHONG Linsheng¹^,³(), FAN Jie¹^,³, YU Hu¹^,³, YANG Ding¹^,³, ZENG Yuxi¹^,³

1. Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
2. School of Tourism and Urban Management, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang 330013, China
3. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2021-01-08 Revised:2021-06-24 Published:2022-01-25 Online:2022-03-25
Supported by:
The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2019QZKK0401);Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20020302)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

国家公园群是青藏高原推动生态安全屏障与区域绿色发展协同提升的重要模式探索。深入研究青藏高原国家公园群的功能结构特征,是推进国家公园有序组织、协同建设的关键科学问题。本文综合PSR评价模型、位序—规模法则、耦合协调度模型构建国家公园群功能结构识别评价方法,解析青藏高原国家公园群的多元功能类别、等级结构与功能结构特征。结果表明：① 青藏高原国家公园群要维护内生和外延两类关系,对内要促进生态保护、游憩利用和社区发展之间的利益合理配置,对外要通过单体国家公园之间的有序组织来推进生态安全屏障功能和区域绿色发展,在功能发挥的尺度跨越过程中处理好协同演化关系;② 青藏高原国家公园群生态保护、游憩和社区发展功能的重要性突出,科研和教育功能发展空间较大,Zipf指数表明多元功能等级符合位序—规模法则且呈现均衡发展特征,单体国家公园需根据特色定位强化其优势功能项;③ 青藏高原国家公园群各项功能之间的耦合度为0.7809、协调度为0.6227,呈较高强度耦合、中级协调状态,单体国家公园的多元功能耦合强度及协调程度差异较大,呈现不同的功能结构特征,可分为全面协调型、优势发展型、一般发展型和一般滞后型。本文深化了国家公园（群）功能评价研究,为青藏高原国家公园群功能优化与可持续发展提供科学参考。

关键词: 国家公园群, 功能结构, 功能评价, 青藏高原

Abstract:

National park cluster is an important mode to explore the coordination of ecological security barrier and regional sustainable development of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Thoroughly studying multi-functional structure plays an important part in promoting the orderly organization and coordinated construction of national park cluster in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Based on the Pressure-State-Response Evaluation Model, Rank-Size Rule and Coupled Coordination Degree Model, this study established a functional structure evaluation system to analyze the multiple functional categories, hierarchical and functional structure characteristics of national park cluster. Results show that: (1) To achieve sustainable development, endogenous relationship and denotative relationship should be addressed for the national park cluster. Internally, it is necessary to promote rational allocation of interests among ecological protection, recreational utilization and community development. Externally, the ecological security barrier function and regional green development should be achieved through the orderly organization of individual parks, and the collaborative evolution relationship should be handled in the scale span process of ecological protection, scientific research, education, recreation and community development. (2) The functions of ecological protection, recreation and community development in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau National Park Cluster are prominent, and there is great potential for improvement of scientific research and education functions. The Zipf index shows the multi-functional level conforms to the Rank-Size Rule and presents a balanced development. Hence, the individual national parks need to strengthen their dominant functions according to their characteristics. (3) The coupling degree and coordination degree of multi-functions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau National Park Cluster are 0.7809 and 0.6227, respectively, showing high-intensity coupling and intermediate coordination state. Because of great differences in the coupling strength and coordination level among individual parks, the functional structure is classified into four types of comprehensive coordination, advantage development, general development and general lag. This study not only enriches the function evaluation and structure research of national park, but also provides scientific references for the functional optimization and sustainable development of the national park cluster on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Key words: national park cluster, functional structure, function evaluation, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

陈东军, 钟林生, 樊杰, 虞虎, 杨定, 曾瑜皙. 青藏高原国家公园群功能评价与结构分析[J]. 地理学报, 2022, 77(1): 196-213.

CHEN Dongjun, ZHONG Linsheng, FAN Jie, YU Hu, YANG Ding, ZENG Yuxi. Function evaluation and structure analysis of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau National Park Cluster[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022, 77(1): 196-213.

图/表 11

图1

图2

表1

表2

表3

图3

图4

图5

表4

图6

表5

参考文献 61

[1]	Zhang Yili, Li Bingyuan, Zheng Du. A discussion on the boundary and area of the Tibetan Plateau in China. Geographical Research, 2002, 21(1): 1-8.
	[ 张镱锂, 李炳元, 郑度. 论青藏高原范围与面积. 地理研究, 2002, 21(1): 1-8.]
[2]	Sun Honglie, Zheng Du, Yao Tandong, et al. Protection and construction of the national ecological security shelter zone on Tibetan Plateau. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(1): 3-12. doi: 10.11821/xb201201001
	[ 孙鸿烈, 郑度, 姚檀栋, 等. 青藏高原国家生态安全屏障保护与建设. 地理学报, 2012, 67(1): 3-12.]
[3]	Wang Yanzhong, Ning Yafang. The progress, problems and countermeasures of security a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects in ethnic areas in a new era. Management World, 2018, 34(1): 39-52.
	[ 王延中, 宁亚芳. 新时代民族地区决胜全面小康社会的进展、问题及对策: 基于2013—2016年民族地区经济社会发展问卷调查的分析. 管理世界, 2018, 34(1): 39-52.]
[4]	Zhong Linsheng, Xiao Lianlian. Chinese national park system pilot: Establishing path and research issues. Resources Science, 2017, 39(1): 1-10.
	[ 钟林生, 肖练练. 中国国家公园体制试点建设路径选择与研究议题. 资源科学, 2017, 39(1): 1-10.]
[5]	Fan Jie, Zhong Linsheng, Huang Baorong, et al. Territorial function and feasibility of the Earth's Third Pole national park cluster. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2019, 64(27): 2938-2948.
	[ 樊杰, 钟林生, 黄宝荣, 等. 地球第三极国家公园群的地域功能与可行性. 科学通报, 2019, 64(27): 2938-2948.]
[6]	Jagger P, Sellers S, Kittner N, et al. Looking for medium-term conservation and development impacts of community management agreements in Uganda's Rwenzori Mountains National Park. Ecological Economics, 2018, 152: 199-206. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.06.006
[7]	Grünewald C, Schleuning M, Böhning-Gaese K. Biodiversity, scenery and infrastructure: Factors driving wildlife tourism in an African savannah national park. Biological Conservation, 2016, 201: 60-68. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.036
[8]	Ghoddousi S, Pintassilgo P, Mendes J, et al. Tourism and nature conservation: A case study in Golestan National Park, Iran. Tourism Management Perspectives, 2018, 26: 20-27. doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2017.12.006
[9]	van Riper C J, Kyle G T, Sherrouse B C, et al. Toward an integrated understanding of perceived biodiversity values and environmental conditions in a national park. Ecological Indicators, 2017, 72: 278-287. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.07.029
[10]	Sun Xiaoping, Li Shuang, Yu Jianping, et al. Evaluation of ecosystem service value based on land use scenarios: A case study of Qianjiangyuan National Park pilot. Biodiversity Science, 2019, 27(1): 51-63. doi: 10.17520/biods.2018182
	[ 孙孝平, 李双, 余建平, 等. 基于土地利用变化情景的生态系统服务价值评估: 以钱江源国家公园体制试点区为例. 生物多样性, 2019, 27(1): 51-63.]
[11]	Gao Yan, Deng Yi, Zhang Hao, et al. Community conflicts of the national park overseas: Performance, tracing origins and enlightenment. Tourism Tribune, 2017, 32(1): 111-122.
	[ 高燕, 邓毅, 张浩, 等. 境外国家公园社区管理冲突: 表现、溯源及启示. 旅游学刊, 2017, 32(1): 111-122.]
[12]	Zhang Yujun, Xue Bingjie. Discussion on the suitability of ecotourism and recreation activities in national parks. Tourism Tribune, 2018, 33(8): 14-16.
	[ 张玉钧, 薛冰洁. 国家公园开展生态旅游和游憩活动的适宜性探讨. 旅游学刊, 2018, 33(8): 14-16.]
[13]	Yu Hu, Chen Tian, Zhong Linsheng, et al. Functional zoning of the Qianjiangyuan National Park system pilot area. Resources Science, 2017, 39(1): 20-29.
	[ 虞虎, 陈田, 钟林生, 等. 钱江源国家公园体制试点区功能分区研究. 资源科学, 2017, 39(1): 20-29.]
[14]	Miller K M, McGill B J, Mitchell B R, et al. Eastern national parks protect greater tree species diversity than unprotected matrix forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 2018, 414: 74-84. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2018.02.018
[15]	Kulczyk-Dynowska A, Bal-Domańska B. The national parks in the context of tourist function development in territorially linked municipalities in Poland. Sustainability, 2019, 11(7): 1996. DOI: 10.3390/su11071996. doi: 10.3390/su11071996
[16]	He Siyuan, Su Yang, Wang Lei, et al. Realisation of recreation in national parks: A perspective of ecosystem services demand and willingness to pay of tourists in Wuyishan Pilot. Journal of Natural Resources, 2019, 34(1): 40-53. doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20190104
	[ 何思源, 苏杨, 王蕾, 等. 国家公园游憩功能的实现: 武夷山国家公园试点区游客生态系统服务需求和支付意愿. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(1): 40-53.]
[17]	Hutcheson W, Hoagland P, Jin D. Valuing environmental education as a cultural ecosystem service at Hudson River Park. Ecosystem Services, 2018, 31: 387-394. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.03.005
[18]	Austin R, Thompson N, Garrod G. Understanding the factors underlying partnership working: A case study of Northumberland National Park, England. Land Use Policy, 2016, 50: 115-124. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.09.011
[19]	Slocum S L, Curtis K R. Assessing sustainable food behaviours of national park visitors: Domestic/on vocation linkages, and their implications for park policies. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2016, 24(1): 153-167.
[20]	Pablo C L, Peñalver-Alcázar M, Agar P M. Change in landscape and ecosystems services as the basis of monitoring natural protected areas: A case study in the Picos de Europa National Park (Spain). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2020, 192(4): 1-22. doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7904-3
[21]	Yan Shuiyu, Zhao Ke, Xing Zhong. A comparative study on the planning methods of metropolitan eco-corridors among the United States, Europe and China. Urban Planning International, 2010, 25(2): 91-96.
	[ 闫水玉, 赵柯, 邢忠. 美国、欧洲、中国都市区生态廊道规划方法比较研究. 国际城市规划, 2010, 25(2): 91-96.]
[22]	Margules C R, Pressey R L. Systematic conservation planning. Nature, 2000, 405(6783): 243-253. doi: 10.1038/35012251
[23]	Fan Jie, Zhong Linsheng, Li Jianping, et al. Third Pole National Park group construction is scientific choice for implementing strategy of major function zoning and green development in Tibet, China. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2017, 32(9): 932-944.
	[ 樊杰, 钟林生, 李建平, 等. 建设第三极国家公园群是西藏落实主体功能区大战略、走绿色发展之路的科学抉择. 中国科学院院刊, 2017, 32(9): 932-944.]
[24]	Editorial Office of Forestry Construction. International Symposium on National Parks held smoothly in Kunming. Forestry Construction, 2018(5): 204-205.
	[林业建设编辑部. 国家公园国际研讨会在昆明顺利召开. 林业建设, 2018(5): 204-205.]
[25]	Yu Hu, Zhong Linsheng, Fan Jie. Regional function and spatial structure of National Park Cluster in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2021, 41(3): 823-832.
	[ 虞虎, 钟林生, 樊杰. 青藏高原国家公园群地域功能与结构研究. 生态学报, 2021, 41(3): 823-832.]
[26]	Chen Yaohua, Huang Dan, Yan Siqi. Discussions on public welfare, state dominance and scientificity of national park. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2014, 34(3): 257-264. doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2014.03.257
	[ 陈耀华, 黄丹, 颜思琦. 论国家公园的公益性、国家主导性和科学性. 地理科学, 2014, 34(3): 257-264.]
[27]	Dong Xi, Deng Yi, Gao Yan, et al. Characteristics and management classification of community co-management mode in China's national parks: Based on Social Capital Theory. Environmental Protection, 2019, 47(24): 45-49.
	[ 董茜, 邓毅, 高燕, 等. 中国国家公园的社区共管模式特征及管理分类: 基于社会资本理论. 环境保护, 2019, 47(24): 45-49.]
[28]	Gao Yan, Deng Yi. The solution to the constraint of land ownership in national parks under the concept of land property bundle. Environmental Protection, 2019, 47(Suppl.1): 48-54.
	[ 高燕, 邓毅. 土地产权束概念下国家公园土地权属约束的破解之道. 环境保护, 2019, 47(Suppl.1): 48-54.]
[29]	Li Zehong, Bai Yongqing, Sun Jiulin, et al. Ecological civilization construction in ecologically fragile poverty-stricken areas in western China. Strategic Study of CAE, 2019, 21(5): 80-86.
	[ 李泽红, 柏永青, 孙九林, 等. 西部生态脆弱贫困区生态文明建设战略研究. 中国工程科学, 2019, 21(5): 80-86.]
[30]	Fan Jie, Wang Yafei, Liang Bo. The evolution process and regulation of China's regional development pattern. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(12): 2437-2454.
	[ 樊杰, 王亚飞, 梁博. 中国区域发展格局演变过程与调控. 地理学报, 2019, 74(12): 2437-2454.]
[31]	Nakakaawa C, Moll R, Vedeld P, et al. Collaborative resource management and rural livelihoods around protected areas: A case study of Mount Elgon National Park, Uganda. Forest Policy and Economics, 2015, 57: 1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.forpol.2015.04.002
[32]	Fouke B W. Hot-spring systems geobiology: Abiotic and biotic influences on travertine formation at Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, USA. Sedimentology, 2011, 58(1): 170-219. doi: 10.1111/sed.2010.58.issue-1
[33]	Chen Dongjun, Zhong Linsheng, Xiao Lianlian. Construction and empirical analysis of the suitability evaluation of study travel development in national park. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(20): 7222-7230.
	[ 陈东军, 钟林生, 肖练练. 国家公园研学旅行适宜性评价指标体系构建与实证研究. 生态学报, 2020, 40(20): 7222-7230.]
[34]	Zhang Yujun, Xu Yadan, Jia Qian. A study on the cooperative relationship between the ecotourism stakeholders in national parks: A case study of Gongyu Zone in Xianju National Park. Tourism Science, 2017, 31(3): 51-64, 74.
	[ 张玉钧, 徐亚丹, 贾倩. 国家公园生态旅游利益相关者协作关系研究: 以仙居国家公园公盂园区为例. 旅游科学, 2017, 31(3): 51-64, 74.]
[35]	Peng Jian, Wu Jiansheng, Pan Yajing, et al. Evaluation for regional ecological sustainability based on PSR model: Conceptual framework. Progress in Geography, 2012, 31(7): 933-940.
	[ 彭建, 吴健生, 潘雅婧, 等. 基于PSR模型的区域生态持续性评价概念框架. 地理科学进展, 2012, 31(7): 933-940.]
[36]	Shen W, Zheng Z C, Qin Y C, et al. Spatiotemporal characteristics and driving force of ecosystem health in an important ecological function region in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020, 17(14): 5075. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145075. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17145075
[37]	Chen Dongjing, Zhang Yunlei, Liu Yu, et al. Measure adaptive management and obstacle factors of marine eco-economic system: A case study of Shandong Province. Economic Geography, 2020, 40(6): 185-192. doi: 10.2307/142200
	[ 陈东景, 张运磊, 刘玉, 等. 海洋生态经济系统适应性管理绩效测度与障碍因素诊断: 以山东省为例. 经济地理, 2020, 40(6): 185-192.]
[38]	Tang Fanglin, Zhang Jinchi, Yang Yuming, et al. Study on evaluation system of national park. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2010, 19(12): 2993-2999.
	[ 唐芳林, 张金池, 杨宇明, 等. 国家公园效果评价体系研究. 生态环境学报, 2010, 19(12): 2993-2999.]
[39]	Liu Shiliang, Liu Lumeng, Wu Xue, et al. Quantitative evaluation of human activity intensity on the regional ecological impact studies. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(19): 6797-6809.
	[ 刘世梁, 刘芦萌, 武雪, 等. 区域生态效应研究中人类活动强度定量化评价. 生态学报, 2018, 38(19): 6797-6809.]
[40]	Chen Yan, Hou Peng, Wang Yuan, et al. Evaluation of protection effect of coordinated management of different kinds of nature reserves. Journal of Natural Resources, 2020, 35(4): 779-787. doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20200403
	[ 陈妍, 侯鹏, 王媛, 等. 生态保护地协同管控成效评估. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(4): 779-787.]
[41]	Liao Liuwen, Qin Jianxin, Liu Yongqiang, et al. Study on ecological elasticity of Hunan Province based on land use transition. Economic Geography, 2015, 35(9): 16-23.
	[ 廖柳文, 秦建新, 刘永强, 等. 基于土地利用转型的湖南省生态弹性研究. 经济地理, 2015, 35(9): 16-23.]
[42]	Zhang Shile, Gai Shuangshuang, Liu Xueli. Evaluation on effect of National Natural Science Foundation of China and structural features of its research outputs. Studies in Science of Science, 2015, 33(4): 507-515.
	[ 张诗乐, 盖双双, 刘雪立. 国家自然科学基金资助的效果: 基于论文产出的文献计量学评价. 科学学研究, 2015, 33(4): 507-515.]
[43]	Kong Dongsheng, Zhang Hao. Economic value of wetland ecosystem services in the Heihe National Nature Reserve of Zhangye. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(4): 972-983.
	[ 孔东升, 张灏. 张掖黑河湿地自然保护区生态服务功能价值评估. 生态学报, 2015, 35(4): 972-983.]
[44]	Chen Dongjun, Zhong Linsheng. Educational use in global national parks: Review and implications. Biodiversity Science, 2020, 28(10): 1266-1275. doi: 10.17520/biods.2020011
	[ 陈东军, 钟林生. 国外国家公园教育利用研究进展与启示. 生物多样性, 2020, 28(10): 1266-1275.]
[45]	Chen Rong, Ma Yaofeng, Luo Yunmin. Research on the coordinated development of transportation and tourism economy in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the past 20 years. Qinghai Social Sciences, 2016(2): 109-114.
	[ 陈蓉, 马耀峰, 罗赟敏. 二十年来青藏高原交通与旅游经济协调发展研究. 青海社会科学, 2016(2): 109-114.]
[46]	Zha Ruibo, Sun Gennian, Dong Zhibao, et al. Assessment of atmospheric oxygen practical pressure and plateau reaction of tourists in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2016, 25(1): 92-98.
	[ 查瑞波, 孙根年, 董治宝, 等. 青藏高原大气氧分压及游客高原反应风险评价. 生态环境学报, 2016, 25(1): 92-98.]
[47]	Luo Wenbin, Xu Feixiong, He Xiaorong. Study on the dynamic relationship between tourism expansion and economic growth in China (1978-2008): Based on the cointegration test and granger causality test model. Tourism Tribune, 2012, 27(10): 20-26.
	[ 罗文斌, 徐飞雄, 贺小荣. 旅游发展与经济增长、第三产业增长动态关系: 基于中国1978—2008数据的实证检验. 旅游学刊, 2012, 27(10): 20-26.]
[48]	Yi Xin, Liu Fengliang. Financial development, technological innovation and industrial structure transformation: Theoretical analysis framework of multi sector endogenous growth. Management World, 2015(10): 24-39, 90.
	[ 易信, 刘凤良. 金融发展、技术创新与产业结构转型: 多部门内生增长理论分析框架. 管理世界, 2015(10): 24-39, 90.]
[49]	He Yanbing, Huang Xiaojun, Zhai Lingxin, et al. Assessment and influencing factors of social vulnerability to rapid urbanization in urban fringe: A case study of Xi'an. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(8): 1315-1328. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201608003
	[ 何艳冰, 黄晓军, 翟令鑫, 等. 西安快速城市化边缘区社会脆弱性评价与影响因素. 地理学报, 2016, 71(8): 1315-1328.]
[50]	Li Tao, Cao Xiaoshu, Yang Wenyue. Rank-size distribution and evolution of passenger and freight flows in the Pearl River Delta. Progress in Geography, 2016, 35(1): 108-117. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.01.012
	[ 李涛, 曹小曙, 杨文越. 珠江三角洲客货运量位序—规模分布特征及其变化. 地理科学进展, 2016, 35(1): 108-117.]
[51]	Wan G H, Zhu D Q, Wang C, et al. The size distribution of cities in China: Evolution of urban system and deviations from Zipf's law. Ecological Indicators, 2020, 111: 106003. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.106003. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.106003
[52]	Jiang Yiyi, Wen Xiaojin, Liu Yanxu. Evolutionary characteristics of China's outbound tourism flow in rank-size distribution from 2001 to 2015. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(12): 2468-2480.
	[ 蒋依依, 温晓金, 刘焱序. 2001—2015年中国出境旅游流位序规模演化特征. 地理学报, 2018, 73(12): 2468-2480.]
[53]	Guo Jianke, Chen Yuanyue, Yu Xuhui, et al. Rank-size distribution and mechanism of port system in the Bohai Rim during the past thirty years. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(10): 1812-1826. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201710007
	[ 郭建科, 陈园月, 于旭会, 等. 1985年来环渤海地区港口体系位序—规模分布及作用机制. 地理学报, 2017, 72(10): 1812-1826.]
[54]	Tang Z. An integrated approach to evaluating the coupling coordination between tourism and the environment. Tourism Management, 2015, 46: 11-19. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2014.06.001
[55]	Xiao Liming, Zhang Xianpeng. Spatio-temporal characteristics of coupling coordination between green innovation efficiency and ecological welfare performance under the concept of strong sustainability. Journal of Natural Resources, 2019, 34(2): 312-324. doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20190208
	[ 肖黎明, 张仙鹏. 强可持续理念下绿色创新效率与生态福利绩效耦合协调的时空特征. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(2): 312-324.]
[56]	Xu Tuoyuan, Zhao Jiacheng, Liu Jinlong. Institutional changes in community tourism management before and after governmental intervention. Rural Economy, 2019(1): 73-79.
	[ 徐拓远, 赵佳程, 刘金龙. 政府干预前后社区旅游管理制度变迁: 以云南省普达措国家公园为例. 农村经济, 2019(1): 73-79.]
[57]	Sun Zhengkai. Ecological civilization education of tourists in Pudacuo National Park. Environmental Engineering, 2020, 38(5): 225.
	[ 孙正楷. 普达措国家公园的游客生态文明教育: 评《生态文明教育》. 环境工程, 2020, 38(5): 225.]
[58]	Zhong Linsheng, Deng Yu, Chen Tian, et al. New regional space: Discussion on construction of national park system. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2016, 31(1): 126-133.
	[ 钟林生, 邓羽, 陈田, 等. 新地域空间: 国家公园体制构建方案讨论. 中国科学院院刊, 2016, 31(1): 126-133.]
[59]	Deng Ran, Shao Huaiyong, Huang Baorong, et al. Remote assessment on ecosystem integrity of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and research on National Parks Group construction sequence. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2021, 41(3): 847-860.
	[ 邓冉, 邵怀勇, 黄宝荣, 等. 青藏高原生态系统完整性远程评价与国家公园群建设时序研究. 生态学报, 2021, 41(3): 847-860.]
[60]	Zhong Linsheng, Zeng Yuxi, Yu Hu. The natural foundation and realization path of the recreation function of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau National Park Group. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2021, 41(3): 861-873.
	[ 钟林生, 曾瑜皙, 虞虎. 青藏高原国家公园群游憩功能的自然基础与实现路径. 生态学报, 2021, 41(3): 861-873.]
[61]	Chen Yanguang. Spatial structure of central-place systems: Fractals and scaling laws. Acta Scicentiarum Naturalum Universitis Pekinesis, 2004, 40(4): 626-634.
	[ 陈彦光. 中心地体系空间结构的标度定律与分形模型: 对Christarller中心地模型的数学抽象与理论推广. 北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 40(4): 626-634.]

系统层	准则层	指标层		指标解析与影响性质	权重
生态保护	压力	P1	人类足迹指数	人类活动对生态系统的干扰程度(-)	0.0703
	状态	P2	生态代表性	国家保护物种的级别与数量(+)	0.0342
	状态	P3	植被指数(NDVI)	植被覆盖及其生长活力(+)	0.0495
	响应	P4	生态弹性指数	生态系统抵抗外界压力和扰动的调节能力(+)	0.0364
	响应	P5	生态保护意识及力度	社区及管理者对生态保护的重视程度(+)	0.0221
科研	压力	R1	科研基础设施	监测站等科研基础设施状况(+)	0.0578
	状态	R2	科研价值	相关论文的被引频次(+)	0.0452
	响应	R3	科研经费支持	相关科研项目基金的经费总额(+)	0.0453
教育	压力	E1	教育设施及服务	讲解、牌示等教育服务及设施状况(+)	0.0382
	状态	E2	景观教育价值	景观所蕴含的自然科学及社会文化知识(+)	0.0565
	响应	E3	教育场所数量	教育场所数量/人口总量(+)	0.0446
游憩	压力	T1	交通可达性	通车里程/区域面积(+)	0.0481
	压力	T2	游憩环境适宜性	区域平均海拔(-)	0.0459
	状态	T3	旅游人次密度	旅游人次/区域面积(+)	0.0588
	状态	T4	旅游经济密度	旅游收入/区域面积(+)	0.0537
	响应	T5	第三产业就业比	第三产业就业人数/人口总量(+)	0.0440
社区发展	压力	C1	城乡可支配收入差距	城乡居民可支配收入差异(-)	0.0474
	状态	C2	人均GDP	地区生产总值/人口总量(+)	0.0624
	状态	C3	城镇化率	县城人口/户籍人口(+)	0.0507
	响应	C4	人均存款余额	居民储蓄存款余额/人口总量(+)	0.0395
	响应	C5	产业结构	第一二产业增加值/GDP(-)	0.0494

耦合度C	耦合等级	协调度D	协调等级
(0.00, 0.30)	低度耦合	(0.00, 0.20)	严重失调
[0.30, 0.50)	拮抗(中强度)耦合	[0.20, 0.40)	濒临失调
[0.50, 0.80)	较高强度耦合	[0.40, 0.60)	初级协调
[0.80, 1.00]	高强度耦合	[0.60, 0.80)	中极协调
-	-	[0.80, 1.00]	高级协调

类型	功能判定标准		特征
类型	功能评价	协调度	特征
全面协调	3项及以上功能评价为优	≥ 0.8	3项及以上功能评价为优且各项功能高级协调。
优势发展	2项功能评价为优	≥ 0.6	2项功能评价为优且各项功能中级协调。
一般发展	1项功能评价为优	≥ 0.6	1项功能评价为优且各项功能中级协调。
一般滞后	没有功能评价为优	< 0.6	没有功能评价为优或各项功能协调性差。

自然区	代码	国家公园及其功能结构、优势功能项
天山山地荒漠、草原、针叶林区	IID5	西天山(一般发展,生态保护)
东喜马拉雅南翼山地季雨林/常绿阔叶林区	VA6	雅鲁藏布大峡谷(一般发展,教育)
果洛那曲高原山地高寒灌丛草甸区	HIB1	若尔盖(优势发展,生态保护、科研)、澜沧江源(一般滞后,科研)
青南高原宽谷高寒草甸草原区	HIC1	长江源(一般滞后)、黄河源(一般滞后)
羌塘高原湖盆高寒草原区	HIC2	色普(一般滞后)、神山圣湖(一般发展,教育)
昆仑高山高原高寒荒漠区	HID1	帕米尔(优势发展,教育、社区发展)
川西藏东高山深谷针叶林区	HIIA/B1	独龙江三江并流(一般滞后)、贡嘎山(优势发展,生态保护、游憩、社区发展)、香格里拉(全面协调,生态保护、教育、游憩、社区发展)、稻城亚丁(一般发展,游憩)、大熊猫(全面协调,生态保护、科研、教育、游憩)
祁连青东高山盆地针叶林/草原区	HIIC1	祁连山(优势发展,科研,教育)、青海湖(全面协调,生态保护、科研、教育、社区发展)
藏南高山谷地灌丛草原区	HIIC2	珠峰(一般滞后)、扎日神山(一般滞后,教育)
柴达木盆地	HIID1	水上雅丹(一般滞后,社区发展)
昆仑北翼山地荒漠区	HIID2	昆仑山(一般发展,社区发展)
阿里山地荒漠区	HIID3	札达土林(一般滞后,社区发展)

青藏高原国家公园群功能评价与结构分析

Function evaluation and structure analysis of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau National Park Cluster

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 11

参考文献 61

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

国家公园	优势功能	功能协调	结构类型
帕米尔	教育,社区发展	中级协调	优势发展
珠峰	-	中级协调	一般滞后
大熊猫	生态保护,科研,教育,游憩	高级协调	全面协调
黄河源	-	中级协调	一般滞后
色普	-	濒临失调	一般滞后
神山圣湖	教育	中级协调	一般发展
雅鲁藏布大峡谷	教育	中级协调	一般发展
长江源	-	初级协调	一般滞后
稻城亚丁	游憩	中级协调	一般发展
独龙江三江并流	-	中级协调	一般滞后
贡嘎山	生态保护、游憩,社区发展	中级协调	优势发展
青海湖	生态保护,科研,教育,社区发展	高级协调	全面协调
昆仑山	社区发展	中级协调	一般发展
澜沧江源	科研	初级协调	一般滞后
祁连山	科研,教育	中级协调	优势发展
若尔盖	生态保护,科研	中级协调	优势发展
水上雅丹	社区发展	严重失调	一般滞后
西天山	生态保护	中级协调	一般发展
香格里拉	生态保护,教育,游憩,社区发展	高级协调	全面协调
扎达土林	社区发展	初级协调	一般滞后
扎日神山	教育	严重失调	一般滞后

[1]	方创琳. 青藏高原城镇化发展的特殊思路与绿色发展路径[J]. 地理学报, 2022, 77(8): 1907-1919.
[2]	姚檀栋, 王伟财, 安宝晟, 朴世龙, 陈发虎. 1949—2017年青藏高原科学考察研究历程[J]. 地理学报, 2022, 77(7): 1586-1602.
[3]	徐勇, 王丽佳, 杨华. 青藏高原土地资源人类活动适宜性评价方法及实证应用[J]. 地理学报, 2022, 77(7): 1615-1633.
[4]	陈发虎, 王亚军, 丁林, 姚檀栋. 1949年以前青藏高原探险和科学考察活动概况[J]. 地理学报, 2022, 77(7): 1565-1585.
[5]	申泽西, 张强, 吴文欢, 宋长青. 青藏高原及横断山区地质灾害易发区空间格局及驱动因子[J]. 地理学报, 2022, 77(5): 1211-1224.
[6]	胡晓阳, 王兆锋, 张镱锂, 宫殿清. 青藏高原放牧强度空间化方法与应用[J]. 地理学报, 2022, 77(3): 547-558.
[7]	张仪辉, 刘昌明, 梁康, 吕锦心. 雅鲁藏布江流域降水时空变化特征[J]. 地理学报, 2022, 77(3): 603-618.
[8]	刘玉洁, 吕硕, 陈洁, 张婕, 邱双娟, 胡一帆, 葛全胜. 青藏高原农业现代化时空分异及其驱动机制[J]. 地理学报, 2022, 77(1): 214-227.
[9]	李文君, 李鹏, 封志明, 游珍, 肖池伟. 基于人居环境特征的青藏高原“无人区”空间界定[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(9): 2118-2129.
[10]	冯三三, 卢宏玮, 姚天次, 刘云龙, 唐孟, 冯玮, 卢静昭. 青藏高原典型区微塑料分布特征及来源分析[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(9): 2130-2141.
[11]	刘振, 刘盛和, 戚伟, 金浩然. 青藏高原流动人口居留意愿及影响因素[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(9): 2142-2156.
[12]	丁锐, 史文娇. 1993—2017年气候变化对西藏谷物单产的定量影响[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(9): 2174-2186.
[13]	侯光良, 兰措卓玛, 朱燕, 庞龙辉. 青藏高原史前时期交流路线及其演变[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(5): 1294-1313.
[14]	黄海, 田尤, 刘建康, 张佳佳, 杨东旭, 杨顺. 藏东地区斜坡土壤冻融侵蚀力学机制及敏感性分析[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(1): 87-100.
[15]	封志明, 李文君, 李鹏, 肖池伟. 青藏高原地形起伏度及其地理意义[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(7): 1359-1372.