地理学报

地理学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 77 ›› Issue (1): 51-65.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202201004

• 气候变化与冰冻圈文化服务 • 上一篇    下一篇

地表温度“源—汇”景观贡献度的影响因素分析

吴健生1,2(), 何海珊1, 胡甜3   

  1. 1.北京大学城市规划与设计学院 城市人居环境科学与技术重点实验室,深圳 518055
    2.北京大学城市与环境学院 地表过程与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京 100871
    3.首都经济贸易大学城市经济与公共管理学院,北京 100070
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-11 修回日期:2021-10-20 出版日期:2022-01-25 发布日期:2022-03-25
  • 作者简介:吴健生(1965-), 男, 湖南新化人, 博士, 教授, 博士生导师, 研究方向为景观生态与土地利用、遥感GIS。E-mail: wujs@pkusz.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42130505)

Analysis of factors influencing the "source-sink" landscape contribution of land surface temperature

WU Jiansheng1,2(), HE Haishan1, HU Tian3   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
    2. Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
    3. School of Urban Economics and Public Administration, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing 100070, China
  • Received:2020-09-11 Revised:2021-10-20 Published:2022-01-25 Online:2022-03-25
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(42130505)

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摘要：

在中国快速城市化进程中,城市热岛是严重的环境问题之一。探究城市热岛的影响因素,建立与自然因子、社会经济因子、景观形态因子的关联,对解决中国“城市病”,实现可持续发展具有重要的意义。本文首先在全国尺度上基于地表温度“源—汇”景观指数识别地表温度的“源”景观/“汇”景观,在此基础上计算“源—汇”景观贡献度及其效应,分析其时空演变规律;其次,基于空间杜宾模型分析自然因子、社会经济因子和景观形态因子对“源—汇”景观贡献度的影响,结果发现：① 2005—2015年间,可缓解热岛效应的省份冬季较夏季多,冬季“强”和“较弱”景观贡献度比值区域集中分布在中国北部和南部;夏季“强”的“汇”与“源”景观贡献度比值区域集中分布在中国北部地区。② 对于本地因子,景观形态对“源”或“汇”景观贡献度的影响较大,缓解热岛效应将附近小“汇”斑块结合来降低地表温度“汇”景观的离散度;其次,夏季适当在“源”景观里增加相对湿度、并增加其植被覆盖率,严格控制“源”景观和“汇”景观的建筑密度及建筑高度,可达到最佳降温效果。③ 邻域因子中相对湿度和建筑密度的影响更大,景观形态中增加“源”景观的离散度及其边缘密度,或增加“汇”景观集聚度,简化其形状均有利于缓解邻域的热岛效应。

关键词: 地表温度, “源—汇”景观, 景观贡献度, 空间杜宾模型, 中国

Abstract:

Urban heat island aroused by urbanization has become one of the most serious environmental problems in China. To solve such an "urban disease" and achieve sustainable development, the relationships between urban heat and natural, socio-economic, and landscape pattern factors need to be explored. Firstly, this study identified the "source-sink" landscape of urban heat islands based on the identification of Heat Source and Sink Landscapes (HSI). Secondly, the contribution index (CI) of the "source-sink" landscape and its ratio was calculated to analyze spatial and temporal evolution. The spatial Durbin model was used to analyze the influence of natural, socio-economic, and landscape morphology factors on the CI of "source-sink" landscapes. The results are as follows: (1) During 2005-2015, more provinces could alleviate the heat island effect in winter than they could in summer. In winter, the "strong" and "weak" Landscape Index regions were concentrated in northern and southern China, whereas in summer, the "strong" Landscape Index areas were concentrated in the northern region. (2) Considering local factors, the landscape shape had a great impact on the contribution of the "source" or "sink" landscape. Therefore, to reduce the heat island effect, adjacent small "sink" patches can be combined to lessen the dispersion of the surface temperature of "sink" landscapes. In addition, to achieve the best cooling effect during the summer, the relative humidity and vegetation coverage needs to increase in the "source" landscape, and the building density and height of the "source" landscape and "sink" landscape need to be strictly controlled. (3) The relative humidity and building density of neighbourhoods showed significant impact on the local heat island. Thus, by increasing the dispersion of "source" landscapes and their edge density, or by increasing the concentration of "sink" landscapes and simplifying their shape, it is possible to alleviate the heat island effect in neighborhoods.

Key words: land surface temperature, "source-sink" landscape, landscape contribution index, spatial Durbin model, China