水文地理研究发展若干问题商榷

doi:10.11821/dlxb202201001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水问题研究一直是我们国家最重要的课题之一,关系到社会稳定、民生福祉、经济发展等一系列国家重大需求。水文地理是水文学与地理学交叉学科,主要采用地理学原理、观点和方法。陆地表层系统的提出对水文地理的系统性研究具有重要的启发作用。首先,对水文地理学的交叉关联、研究内容、全球水系统和生态水文研究的兴起进行阐述;其次,在总结陆地表层系统论思想的主要倡导者及其观点后,讨论了地理研究综合性和区域性的关系,提出综合性、区域性和时空动态过程机理等“三性”应是水文地理系统的研究思想;再次,基于学科基础理论的扩展,给出深化水文地理时空动态过程机理的系统科学技术的几个案例;最后,讨论了中国水文地理研究的几个重点发展方向,主要包括气候变化与人类活动对水循环过程的影响、生态水文四大平衡动态演变过程机理、水资源可再生性维护、“蓝绿水”的认知意义、水文地理区划与制图技术及智能技术等。

关键词: 水文地理, 水循环, 系统论, 生态水文, 时空动态过程机理

Abstract:

Water-related issues have long been one of the most important topics in China, and these issues are related to a series of major national requirements, including social stability, people's livelihood and welfare, and economic development. Hydro-geography is an interdisciplinary subject of hydrology and geography that adopts the principles, perspective and methodologies of geography. The theory of the terrestrial surface system has an important enlightening effect on the systematic research of hydro-geography. First, this study discusses the cross-relationship and research content in hydro-geography, as well as the rise of research on global water systems and the ecohydrology. After summarizing the main advocates of terrestrial surface system theory and their viewpoints, this study explores the relationship between the comprehensive and regional aspects of geographic research, while proposing that the "three characteristics" (i.e., comprehensive, regional and orderly characteristics of processes) should be the research thought for hydro-geographical system. Furthermore, based on the expansion of the basic theories of the subject, this study presents several cases of systems science and technology that can deepen the spatiotemporal dynamic process mechanism (orderliness) of hydro-geography. Finally, several key development and research directions of hydro-geographic research in China are discussed, mainly including: research on the impact of climate change and impacts of human activities on the water cycle process; research on the dynamic evolution mechanism of the four major balances in ecohydrology; research on renewability of water resources; the process of evapotranspiration of plants (crops) and water-saving control; hydro-geographic zoning, mapping technology and intelligence technology applications.

Key words: hydro-geography, water cycle, system theory, ecohydrology, orderliness

刘昌明, 刘璇, 杨亚锋, 王红瑞. 水文地理研究发展若干问题商榷[J]. 地理学报, 2022, 77(1): 3-15.

LIU Changming, LIU Xuan, YANG Yafeng, WANG Hongrui. A discussion on some issues of hydro-geographical research[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022, 77(1): 3-15.

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研究问题	研究内容
水资源/资源水	地表、地下各种水体的科学分析、检测、评价、计算预报、设计规划
水环境/环境水	保护、水质监测、评价、污染防治与修复
水生态/生态水	维护、生态需水检测、评价、退化防治与修复
水灾害/灾害水	防治、洪涝与干旱监测、预报与预警、设计规划
水管控/工程水	合理配置、优化调度、一体化管理(IWRM)与流域综合管理(IRBM)

	人口(P)	经济($)	社会(S)	水资源(R)	生态(B)	环境(E)
人口(P)	1	P/$	P/S	P/R	P/B	P/E
经济($)	$/P	1	$/S	$/R	$/B	$/E
社会(S)	S/P	S/$	1	S/R	S/B	S/E
水资源(R)	R/P	R/$	R/S	1	R/B	R/E
生态(B)	B/P	B/$	B/S	B/R	1	B/E
环境(E)	E/P	E/$	E/S	E/R	E/B	1

系统方法应用	系统输入	作用机制	系统输出
分析—鉴别	已知	?	已知
预测—预报	已知	已知	?
反馈—控制	?	已知	已知