论地理边界的科学属性与表达

doi:10.11821/dlxb202111017

地理学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (11): 2841-2852.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202111017

论地理边界的科学属性与表达

汤国安¹^,²^,³(), 李吉龙¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 熊礼阳¹^,²^,³, 那嘉明¹^,²^,³

1.南京师范大学虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室,南京 210023
2.南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京 210023
3.江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,南京 210023
4.宁夏大学地理科学与规划学院,银川 750021

收稿日期:2021-06-11 修回日期:2021-10-14 出版日期:2021-11-25 发布日期:2022-01-25
通讯作者: 李吉龙(1988-), 男, 博士, 主要从事GIS数字地形分析研究。E-mail: leejeelong@126.com
作者简介:汤国安(1961-), 男, 博士, 教授, 博导, 主要从事地理信息科学方面的研究。E-mail: tangguoan@njnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41930102)

Scientific attributes and expression methods of geographical boundary

TANG Guoan¹^,²^,³(), LI Jilong¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), XIONG Liyang¹^,²^,³, NA Jiaming¹^,²^,³

1. Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
2. School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
3. Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
4. School of Geography and Planning, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China

Received:2021-06-11 Revised:2021-10-14 Published:2021-11-25 Online:2022-01-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41930102)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地理边界的科学界定体现着对地理对象空间分异规律科学抽象与系统分析的认知水平,是地理学的基础科学问题。本文从地球系统科学的视角,首先阐述了地理边界的基本概念、科学内涵与基本属性等核心概念问题,基于科学性、系统性的基本原则,以内在机理、外在表现以及科学属性等视角为核心依据,对地理边界进行了系统分类。论文分析了地理边界的数学内涵与表达方法,比较了传统地理边界划分法和现代地理边界定量划分方法的特点与差异性,提出了集定性、定量、定位为一体的“地理边界模型”的研究架构。该研究盼在地理边界这个地理学基础理论问题上进行概念辨析与方法分析,丰富地理信息科学的理论与方法。

关键词: 地理学, 地理边界, 科学属性, 类型划分, 表达方法

Abstract:

The scientific delineation of geographical boundary, which is the basic scientific issue of geography, reflects the cognitive level of the spatial variation of geographic objects from scientific abstraction and systematic analysis. From the perspective of earth system science, this paper first explicates the core issues of the basic concepts, scientific content and basic properties of geographical boundary. Based on the principles of scientificity and systematicness, the paper classifies geographical boundaries systematically according to the intrinsic mechanisms, extrinsic appearance and scientific attributes of geographical systems. This paper focuses on the analysis of the mathematical connotation and expression of geographical boundaries. In addition, it compares the characteristics and differences of traditional and modern methods for geographical boundary delineation. Finally, we construct the research framework of "geographical boundary model", which integrates the characteristics of qualitative, quantitative and positioning methods of geographical boundary. The research is expected to enrich the theory and method in geographical information science with the analysis of concept and method of geographical boundaries.

Key words: geography, geographical boundary, scientific attribute, types classification, expression method

汤国安, 李吉龙, 熊礼阳, 那嘉明. 论地理边界的科学属性与表达[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(11): 2841-2852.

TANG Guoan, LI Jilong, XIONG Liyang, NA Jiaming. Scientific attributes and expression methods of geographical boundary[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(11): 2841-2852.

图/表 5

图1

图2

图3

表1

常见的地理边界数学模型表达与对比

过渡属性	数学模型	表达原理	模型特点与划分方法
显性突变	势函数	根据突变理论,势函数 $V$ 定义为： $V = V (x, c)$ 式中： $x$ 为系统状态变量, $c$ 为外部控制变量。在地理边界的表达中,地理现象的过渡特征即为系统状态变量,而外部控制变量则表示主要划界指标。 (1) 当 $u ∈ R m$ 且使 $∂ V x, c ∂ x n u = 0$ 时,称 $u$ 为势函数的临界点,所有临界点所构成的曲面称为平衡曲面; (2) 使势函数( $V$ )的Hessian矩阵 $det H (V) = 0$ 的所有点的集合称为奇点集,与临界点方程联立求解后会得到分叉集。对于显性突变属性的地理边界,由势函数衍生出的平衡曲面与分叉集共同确定。	模型特点：适用有明显地理阻隔环境下的显性突变地理边界表达。划分方法：采用突变理论与突变级数法进行地物显著差异分析并定位。
模糊渐变	模糊集	模糊集通过构建模糊隶属函数计算隶属度的大小来确定划界单元的归属。已知论域 $U$ ,在其上做映射 $A$ ,则有： $A : U → 0,1, u ∈ U u → A u, A u ∈ 0,1$ 式中：称映射 $A$ 是 $U$ 的一个模糊集, $A u$ 称为 $A$ 的隶属函数,即 $u$ 对 $A$ 的隶属度。在地理边界的表达中, $U$ 代表全部地理边界划分单元, $A u$ 的计算结果最终影响到某个划界单元 $u$ 的归属,进而确定地理边界的特征。	模型特点：更加自然表示地理现象,适用于模糊地理边界模糊划分。划分方法：通过构建模糊隶属度函数（根据专家知识、数据集特征给出）提取地物类型边界,建立模糊边界划分模型。
复杂交替	粗糙集	针对复杂交替特征的地理现象采用粗糙集进行边界表达： $R ¯ X = ⋃ u ∈ U u R ⊆ X R ̅ X = ⋃ u ∈ U u R ⋂ X ≠ Φ B N R = R ̅ X - R ¯ X$ 式中：论域 $U$ 代表全部的地理边界划分单元, $X$ 是其子集, $u$ 为待划分数据集, $R ̅ X$ 和 $R ¯ X$ 分别称为上近似集和下近似集, $B N R$ 为边界域,即地理边界。	模型特点：完全由数据驱动,不涉及隶属函数的构造,在表达地理边界的特征上更加客观。划分方法：根据地物相关数据集,确定上下近似集,计算得到的边界域即为最终划定的地理边界（过渡带）。

表1

表2

参考文献 62

[1]	Dictionary Editorial Office, Institute of Linguistics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary. 7th ed. Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2016.
	[中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室. 现代汉语词典. 7版. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2016.]
[2]	Staff M W. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. 11th ed. Springfield: Merriam-Webster, 2003.
[3]	Mendelson B. Introduction to Topology. 2nd ed. New York: Dover, 1990.
[4]	Perrot P. A to Z of Thermodynamics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
[5]	Zuo Dakang. A Modern Dictionary of Geography. Beijing: The Commercial Press, 1990.
	[左大康. 现代地理学辞典. 北京: 商务印书馆, 1990.]
[6]	Zhou Juqian. On geographic boundary. Yunnan Geographic Environment Research, 1992, 4(1):51-59.
	[周钜乾. 论地理边界. 云南地理环境研究, 1992, 4(1):51-60.]
[7]	Zheng Du, Ge Quansheng, Zhang Xueqin, et al. Regionalization in China: Retrospect and prospect. Geographical Research, 2005, 24(3):330-344.
	[郑度, 葛全胜, 张雪芹, 等. 中国区划工作的回顾与展望. 地理研究, 2005, 24(3):330-344.]
[8]	Zheng Du, Ou Yang, Zhou Chenghu. Understanding of and thinking over geographical regionalization methodology. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2008, 63(6):563-573.
	[郑度, 欧阳, 周成虎. 对自然地理区划方法的认识与思考. 地理学报, 2008, 63(6):563-573.]
[9]	Haining R. Spatial Data Analysis in the Social and Environmental Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
[10]	Burt J, Barber G, Rigby D L. Elementary Statistics for Geographers. 3rd ed. New York: Guilford Press, 2009.
[11]	Chen Shupeng. Geographic information system exploration and experiments. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 1983, 3(4):287-302.
	[陈述彭. 地理信息系统的探索与试验. 地理科学, 1983, 3(4):287-302.]
[12]	Jacquez G M, Maruca S, Fortin M J. From fields to objects: A review of geographic boundary analysis. Journal of Geographical Systems. 2000, 2(3):221-241. doi: 10.1007/PL00011456
[13]	Hu Zui, Tang Guoan, Lv Guonian. The concept and characteristics of GIS language. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(7):867-877.
	[胡最, 汤国安, 闾国年. GIS作为新一代地理学语言的特征. 地理学报, 2012, 67(7):867-877.]
[14]	Xiao Ping, Li Deren. The geographic boundary sharpness and a method to calculate the membership in fuzzy GIS. Journal of the PLA Institute of Surveying and Mapping, 1998, 15(3):204-206.
	[肖平, 李德仁. GIS模糊栅格数据结构隶属度的解算和地理多边形边界锐度. 解放军测绘学院学报, 1998, 15(3):204-206.]
[15]	Cao Han, Chen Jun, Du Daosheng. Geographic phenomena data model with fuzzy boundaries. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2001, 31(2):108-110, 114.
	[曹菡, 陈军, 杜道生. 模糊边界地理现象的建模方法. 西北大学学报(自然科学版), 2001, 31(2):108-110, 114.]
[16]	Fu Bojie. Geography: From knowledge, science to decision making support. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(11):1923-1932. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201711001
	[傅伯杰. 地理学:从知识、科学到决策. 地理学报, 2017, 72(11):1923-1932.]
[17]	Xiong L Y, Tang G A, Yang X, et al. Geomorphology-oriented digital terrain analysis: Progress and perspectives. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2021, 31(3):456-476. doi: 10.1007/s11442-021-1853-9
[18]	Tobler W R. A computer movie simulating urban growth in the Detroit region. Economic Geography, 1970, 46(Suppl.):234-240. doi: 10.2307/143141
[19]	Goodchild M F. The validity and usefulness of laws in geographic information science and geography. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2004, 94:300-303. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8306.2004.09402008.x
[20]	Qiu Yang, Zhang Jintun, Zheng Fengying. The kernel of landscape ecology: Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in ecological systems. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2000, 19(2):42-49.
	[邱扬, 张金屯, 郑凤英. 景观生态学的核心: 生态学系统的时空异质性. 生态学杂志, 2000, 19(2):42-49.]
[21]	Risser P G. Landscape ecology: State of the art//Turner M G. Landscape Heterogeneity and Disturbance: Ecological Studies. New York: Springer, 1987.
[22]	Zhu Axing, Lv Guonian, Zhou Chenghu, et al. Geographic similarity: Third law of geography? Journal of Geo-Information Science, 2020, 22(4):673-679.
	[朱阿兴, 闾国年, 周成虎, 等. 地理相似性: 地理学的第三定律? 地球信息科学学报, 2020, 22(4):673-679.]
[23]	Zhu A X, Lv G N, Liu J, et al. Spatial prediction based on Third Law of Geography. Annals of GIS, 2018, 24(4):225-240. doi: 10.1080/19475683.2018.1534890
[24]	Ma Ainai. Geographical complexity system and geographical nonlinearity model. Journal of Systemic Dialectics, 2001, 9(4):19-23.
	[马蔼乃. 地理复杂系统与地理非线性复杂模型. 系统辩证学学报, 2001, 9(4):19-23.]
[25]	Phillips J D. Sources of nonlinearity and complexity in geomorphic systems. Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment, 2003, 27(1):1-23. doi: 10.1191/0309133303pp340ra
[26]	Swain J B, Sahoo M M, Patra K C. Homogeneous region determination using linear and nonlinear techniques. Physical Geography. 2016, 37(5):361-384. doi: 10.1080/02723646.2016.1211460
[27]	Wei Shengmin. Theoretical explanation of the time-space sequence in geographic environment. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 1986, 16(4):84-91.
	[韦省民. 地理环境时空有序性的理论解释. 西北大学学报(自然科学版), 1986, 16(4):84-91.]
[28]	Tang Wenya. The muddy and variable charctors of physi-geographic regional boundary and its clustered judgment. Journal of Central China Normal University (Natural Sciences), 1987, 21(1):110-116.
	[唐文雅. 自然地理区界的模糊性、可变性及其聚类判定. 华中师范大学学报(自然科学版), 1987, 21(1):110-116.]
[29]	Schonewald C M. Introduction to boundary space. Complexity, 2000, 6(2):41-57.
[30]	Li Z, Khoshelham K, Zheng D, et al. Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) transform for spatial analysis//Li Z, Zhou Q, Kainz W. Advances in Spatial Analysis and Decision Making. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2003.
[31]	Li J L, Na J M, Yang X, et al. Application of the Hilbert-Huang transform for recognition of active gully erosion sites in the Loess Plateau of China. Transactions in GIS, 2019, 23(1):137-157. doi: 10.1111/tgis.v23.1
[32]	Fang Chuanglin. Dissipative structure theory and geography system. Arid Land Geography, 1989, 12(3):51-56.
	[方创琳. 耗散结构理论与地理系统论. 干旱区地理, 1989, 12(3):51-56.]
[33]	Zhang G, Jacob E K. Understanding boundaries: Physical, epistemological and virtual dimensions. Information Research, 2013, 18(3): paper C21. http://InformationR.net/ir/18-3/colis/paperC21.html.
[34]	Gao Jiangbo, Huang Jiao, Li Shuangcheng, et al. The new progresses and development trends in the research of physio-geographical regionalization in China. Progress in Geography, 2010, 29(11):1400-1407. doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2010.11.032
	[高江波, 黄姣, 李双成, 等. 中国自然地理区划研究的新进展与发展趋势. 地理科学进展, 2010, 29(11):1400-1407.]
[35]	Long Yongjun. The geographical gray boundary and its research value. Journal of Guizhou Normal College, 2013, 29(9):53-58.
	[龙拥军. 地理灰边界内涵及其研究应用价值. 贵州师范学院学报, 2013, 29(9):53-58.]
[36]	Thom R. Structural stability, catastrophe theory, and applied mathematics. SIAM Review, 1977, 19(2):189-201. doi: 10.1137/1019036
[37]	Fagan W F, Fortin M J, Soykan C. Integrating edge detection and dynamic modeling in quantitative analyses of ecological boundaries. BioScience, 2003, 53(8):730-738. doi: 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0730:IEDADM]2.0.CO;2
[38]	Fang Chuanglin. Theoretical foundation and patterns of coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration. Progress in Geography, 2017, 36(1):15-24. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.01.002
	[方创琳. 京津冀城市群协同发展的理论基础与规律性分析. 地理科学进展, 2017, 36(1):15-24.]
[39]	Zheng Du, Yang Qinye, et al. (eds.). Researches on Regional Physio-geographical System. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 1997.
	[郑度, 杨勤业, 等编. 自然地域系统研究. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 1997.]
[40]	Zheng Du, Fu Xiaofeng. A preliminary study on issues of integrated geographical regionalization. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 1999, 19(3):193-197.
	[郑度, 傅小锋. 关于综合地理区划若干问题的探讨. 地理科学, 1999, 19(3):193-197.]
[41]	Huang Bingwei. On the comprehensive physical regionalization of China. New Construction, 1965(3):65-74.
	[黄秉维. 论中国综合自然区划. 新建设, 1965(3):65-74.]
[42]	Chen Yanguang. Mathematical Methods for Geography. Beijing: Science Press, 2011.
	[陈彦光. 地理数学方法: 基础和应用. 北京: 科学出版社, 2011.]
[43]	Lin Chao. Outline of physical geography regionalization in China: An abstract. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1954, 20(4):395-418.
	[林超. 中国自然地理区划大纲 (摘要). 地理学报, 1954, 20(4):395-418.]
[44]	Ding Sibao. Province-regions in China: Positivity of their geographical boundary and development. Human Geography, 2001, 16(2):12-16.
	[丁四保. 我国的省区: 它的地理边界和它的必然发展. 人文地理, 2001, 16(2):12-16.]
[45]	Fan Jie. Draft of major function oriented zoning of China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(2):186-201. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201502002
	[樊杰. 中国主体功能区划方案. 地理学报, 2015, 70(2):186-201.]
[46]	Li Weizheng, Ai Chang, Peng Shikui. A method to extract the subcompartment boundary from contour of the relief map supported using GIS technology. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2009, 33(2):69-72.
	[李卫正, 艾畅, 彭世揆. 一种利用地形图和遥感影像提取小班界线的方法. 南京林业大学学报 (自然科学版), 2009, 33(2):69-72.]
[47]	Wagner M P, Oppelt N. Extracting agricultural fields from remote sensing imagery using graph-based growing contours. Remote Sensing, 2020, 12(7):1205. DOI: 0.3390/rs12071205. doi: 0.3390/rs12071205
[48]	Mark D M, Csillag F. The nature of boundaries on "area-class" maps. Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization. 1989, 26(1):65-78. doi: 10.3138/D235-3262-062X-4472
[49]	Burrough P A, Frank A (eds.). Geographic Objects with Indeterminate Boundaries. London: Taylor & Francis, 1996.
[50]	Wang F J, Hall G B. Fuzzy representation of geographical boundaries in GIS. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 1996, 10(5):573-590. doi: 10.1080/02693799608902098
[51]	Jiang B. Visualisation of fuzzy boundaries of geographic objects. Cartography, 1998, 27(2):41-46.
[52]	Lu H L, Carlin B P. Bayesian areal wombling for geographical boundary analysis. Geographical Analysis. 2005, 37(3):265-285. doi: 10.1111/gean.2005.37.issue-3
[53]	Yan Luming. Application of extension engineering method to division of physical geography boundary. Geographical Research, 1999, 18(1):53-58. doi: 10.11821/yj1999010008
	[晏路明. 可拓工程方法在自然地理界线划分中的应用. 地理研究, 1999, 18(1):53-58.]
[54]	Yan Luming. A matter-element model to division of physical geography boundary. Systems Engineering Theory and Practice, 1999, 19(12):85-89.
	[晏路明. 自然地理界线划分的物元模型. 系统工程理论与实践, 1999, 19(12):85-89.]
[55]	Yan Luming. The discriminant analysis on physical geography boundary based on GIS. Journal of Applied Statistics and Management, 2003(Suppl.1):286-291.
	[晏路明. 基于GIS的自然地理界线的判别分析. 数理统计与管理, 2003(Suppl.1):286-291.]
[56]	Li Shuangcheng, Zheng Du, Zhang Yili. Application of SOFM neural network to ecological assets regionalization in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Journal of Natural Resources, 2002, 17(6):750-756.
	[李双成, 郑度, 张镱锂. 青藏高原生态资产地域划分中的SOFM网络技术. 自然资源学报, 2002, 17(6):750-756.]
[57]	Li Shuangcheng, Zhao Zhiqiang, Gao Jiangbo. Identifying eco-geographical boundary using spatial wavelet transform. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008, 28(9):4313-4322.
	[李双成, 赵志强, 高江波. 基于空间小波变换的生态地理界线识别与定位. 生态学报, 2008, 28(9):4313-4322.]
[58]	Hong Tao, Guo Yan, Wu Chengzhen, et al. The research of the projection pursuit method for the physical geography boundary. Journal of Mountain Science, 2008, 26(6):665-671.
	[洪滔, 郭妍, 吴承祯, 等. 自然地理界线判别的投影寻踪技术. 山地学报, 2008, 26(6):665-671.]
[59]	Gómez Álvarez L, Bennett B. Classification, Individuation and Demarcation of Forests: Formalising the multi-faceted semantics of geographic terms. 13th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory 2017, 2017.
[60]	Wang Jinfeng, Xu Chengdong. Geodetector: Principle and prospective. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(1):116-134. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201701010
	[王劲峰, 徐成东. 地理探测器: 原理与展望. 地理学报, 2017, 72(1):116-134.]
[61]	Dong Yuxiang, Xu Qian, Yang Ren, et al. Delineation of the northern border of the tropical zone of China's mainland using Geodetector. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(1):135-147. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201701011
	[董玉祥, 徐茜, 杨忍, 等. 基于地理探测器的中国陆地热带北界探讨. 地理学报, 2017, 72(1):135-147.]
[62]	Li Shuangcheng. On Paradigms of Physical Geography. Beijing: Science Press, 2013.
	[李双成. 自然地理学研究范式. 北京: 科学出版社, 2013.]

方法	优点	缺点
直接法	由数据驱动,划分思路简便,适用于具有显性突变或明显地理阻隔的地理边界划分研究中	使用局限,面对复杂的地理现象或过程,划分捉襟见肘
模糊数学法	符合地理认知,能够更加自然表示地理现象、对象或过程,适用于具有模糊过渡特征的边界划分	模糊隶属函数可以根据专家知识或实验数据给出,或根据数据集属性特征的聚类得到,划分结果存在差异
空间统计建模法	充分顾及划界指标的重要性,同时兼顾划分过程中的尺度依赖性,适用于多种过渡属性的边界划分	需要有领域知识和统计知识,且通常需要假设空间分布数据具有统计上不存在空间自相关和平稳性,然而对于地理边界划分过程而言,其空间属性关联不可避免
新型划分法	通常采用启发式学习方式来进行边界划分,并从数据本身入手,在符合地理认知的基础上,具有稳定的划分效率与准确性	需要大量的初始参数,如网络拓扑结构、权值和阈值,划分过程黑盒等

论地理边界的科学属性与表达

Scientific attributes and expression methods of geographical boundary

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 5

参考文献 62

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	陈发虎, 吴绍洪, 刘鸿雁, 杨晓燕, 刘建宝. 自然地理学学科体系与发展战略要点[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(9): 2074-2082.
[2]	樊杰, 赵鹏军, 周尚意, 邓祥征, 王琛. 人文地理学学科体系与发展战略要点[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(9): 2083-2093.
[3]	李新, 袁林旺, 裴韬, 黄昕, 刘广, 郑东海. 信息地理学学科体系与发展战略要点[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(9): 2094-2103.
[4]	陈发虎, 李新, 吴绍洪, 樊杰, 熊巨华, 张国友. 中国地理科学学科体系浅析[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(9): 2069-2073.
[5]	贺灿飞, 王文宇, 郭琪. 中国工业地理学的传承发展与转型[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(8): 1815-1834.
[6]	郭远智, 刘彦随. 中国乡村发展进程与乡村振兴路径[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(6): 1408-1421.
[7]	杨忍, 潘瑜鑫. 中国县域乡村脆弱性空间特征与形成机制及对策[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(6): 1438-1454.
[8]	周扬, 李寻欢, 童春阳, 黄晗. 中国村域贫困地理格局及其分异机理[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(4): 903-920.
[9]	龚健雅, 许刚, 焦利民, 秦昆. 城市标度律及应用[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(2): 251-260.
[10]	邓祥征, 梁立, 吴锋, 王振波, 何书金. 发展地理学视角下中国区域均衡发展[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(2): 261-276.
[11]	廖小罕, 黄耀欢, 徐晨晨. 面向无人机应用的低空空域资源研究探讨[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(11): 2607-2620.
[12]	周扬, 李寻欢. 贫困地理学的基础理论与学科前沿[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(10): 2407-2424.
[13]	何沛东. 张其昀先生的区域地理学思想与成就[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(1): 235-247.
[14]	陈发虎, 吴绍洪, 崔鹏, 蔡运龙, 张镱锂, 尹云鹤, 刘国彬, 欧阳竹, 马巍, 杨林生, 吴铎, 雷加强, 张国友, 邹学勇, 陈晓清, 谈明洪, 王训明, 包安明, 程维新, 党小虎, 韦炳干, 王国梁, 王五一, 张兴权, 刘晓晨, 李生宇. 1949—2019年中国自然地理学与生存环境应用研究进展[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(9): 1799-1830.
[15]	金贵, 邓祥征, 董寅, 吴锋. 发展地理学视角下中国多维贫困测度及时空交互特征[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(8): 1633-1646.