三峡库区腹地山区农业景观格局动态变化与转型

doi:10.11821/dlxb202111011

地理学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (11): 2749-2764.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202111011

三峡库区腹地山区农业景观格局动态变化与转型

黄孟勤¹(), 李阳兵¹^,²(), 冉彩虹¹^,³, 李明珍¹

1.重庆师范大学地理与旅游学院,重庆 401331
2.三峡库区地表过程与环境遥感重庆市重点实验室,重庆 401331
3.重庆大学建筑规划设计研究总院有限公司, 重庆 400045

收稿日期:2020-08-17 修回日期:2021-04-16 出版日期:2021-11-25 发布日期:2022-01-25
通讯作者: 李阳兵(1968-), 男, 重庆潼南人, 博士, 教授, 主要从事土地利用与生态过程研究。E-mail: li-yapin@sohu.com
作者简介:黄孟勤(1996-), 女, 重庆开州人, 硕士生, 从事土地利用与景观过程研究。E-mail: huang.mq@foxmail.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41661020);重庆市基础与前沿研究计划(cstc2018jcyjAX0539);重庆市基础与前沿研究计划(cstc2017jcyjB0317);重庆师范大学研究生科研创新项目(YKC20049);重庆师范大学研究生科研创新项目(YKC20030);2018年院士专家工作站进站院士牵头科技创新引导专项(CXTDX201601017)

Dynamic changes and transformation of agricultural landscape pattern in mountainous areas: A case study in the hinterland of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

HUANG Mengqin¹(), LI Yangbing¹^,²(), RAN Caihong¹^,³, LI Mingzhen¹

1. School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
2. Key Laboratory of Surface Process and Environment Remote Sensing in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing 401331, China
3. General Research Institute of Architecture & Planning Design Co., Ltd, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045

Received:2020-08-17 Revised:2021-04-16 Published:2021-11-25 Online:2022-01-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41661020);Chongqing Basic and Frontier Research Innovation Project(cstc2018jcyjAX0539);Chongqing Basic and Frontier Research Innovation Project(cstc2017jcyjB0317);Chongqing Normal University Graduate Student Research Innovation Project(YKC20049);Chongqing Normal University Graduate Student Research Innovation Project(YKC20030);Academician Expert Workstation Academician Guided Science and Technology Innovation Special Project(CXTDX201601017)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

山区农业景观格局动态分析有利于厘清农业景观发展的动态轨迹与方向,对农地用途的合理规划和管理有重要意义。本文提出了山区农业景观格局转型理论框架,并在三峡库区草堂溪流域进行了实证研究,从整体—微观的角度解析2000—2018年期间,以坡耕地、撂荒地和果园为代表的农业景观格局转型特征。研究发现：① 果园沿河谷的扩张和撂荒地在较高海拔处的扩张明显压缩了坡耕地的空间,这导致区域景观多样性的整体增强,而在局部地形上的差异明显,斑块破碎但聚集度增强;② 研究区农户耕种范围内的农业景观格局转型主要表现为耕—果转换型、综合型、部分撂荒型和撂荒型4种模式,各模式揭示了山区农业景观格局的不同发展阶段;③ 在以社会经济因素为主的驱动下,三峡库区山区的农业景观格局转型具有双向性,表现为以传统均衡分布的纯粮种植景观向河谷生态经济双赢的经果林景观和较高海拔的撂荒地转变。研究结果揭示了近年来中国山区农业景观格局演变的独特性,对库区山区农村土地利用和农业生态系统的深入认识以及库区乡村发展和生态环境的改善均有启示意义。

关键词: 农业景观格局, 转型, 山区, 三峡库区

Abstract:

Analyzing the agricultural landscape pattern in mountainous areas is conducive to clarify the dynamic change and development direction of the agricultural landscape, and is of great significance to rational planning and management of agricultural land. This paper proposes a theoretical framework for agricultural landscape pattern transformation in mountainous areas, and conducts an empirical study in the Caotangxi watershed, Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA). Transformation characteristics of agricultural landscape pattern during 2000-2018 represented by sloping farmland, abandoned land, and orchard are analyzed from a holistic-local perspective. The research findings show that the orchard expanded along river valleys, and the abandoned land expanded at high elevations in the case study, leading to a reduction in sloping farmland. Therefore, there are differences in the regional landscape at the holistic and local levels. In other words, this phenomenon enhances the region's holistic landscape diversity but causes the fragmentation and aggregation of landscape patches in local areas. Meanwhile, the agricultural landscape pattern transformation within the farmers’ farming range in the study area is mainly manifested in four modes, including sloping farmland-orchard conversion, comprehensive conversion, partial abandonment and complete abandonment. Different transformation modes reveal different development stages of the mountainous agricultural landscape pattern. Generally, driven by socioeconomic factors in mountainous areas of TGRA, the agricultural landscape pattern transformation is bidirectional. The attribute is expressed as the transformation from the traditional grain-planting landscape with even distribution to the ecological-economic win-win orchard in valleys and the transformation from sloping farmland to abandoned land in high-elevation areas. Overall, the results reveal the uniqueness of agricultural landscape pattern evolution in China's mountainous areas in recent decades, which has enlightenment for the in-depth understanding of rural land use and agricultural ecosystems in mountainous areas of the reservoir area, and the improvement of rural development and ecological environment.

Key words: agricultural landscape pattern, transformation, mountainous areas, Three Gorges Reservoir Area

黄孟勤, 李阳兵, 冉彩虹, 李明珍. 三峡库区腹地山区农业景观格局动态变化与转型[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(11): 2749-2764.

HUANG Mengqin, LI Yangbing, RAN Caihong, LI Mingzhen. Dynamic changes and transformation of agricultural landscape pattern in mountainous areas: A case study in the hinterland of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(11): 2749-2764.

图/表 14

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典型片区	总面积(hm²)			400 m缓冲区内面积占比(%)
典型片区	耕地	果园	撂荒地	耕地	果园	撂荒地
八阵村	219.57	247.40	33.04		94.79	99.27	98.75
柑子社区	123.59	160.15	20.25		98.98	100.00	87.51
毛坪村	408.88	168.06	122.21		99.70	100.00	73.01
欧营村	598.94	693.00	108.14		99.69	99.55	95.02
石马村	491.28	437.73	102.70		99.79	99.48	98.46
天坪村	436.75	89.76	177.09		99.99	100.00	98.28
中梁村	319.99	1.14	104.68		99.76	100.00	99.46

年份	SHDI	CONTAG(%)	AI^*(%)
2000	1.58	61.50	95.04
2010	1.74	59.03	95.97
2018	1.76	58.48	96.01

地形因子	坡耕地		果园		撂荒地
地形因子	PLAND	AI	PLAND	AI	PLAND	AI
海拔	-0.061^**	-0.099^**	-0.526^**	-0.552^**	0.019^**	0.006^**
坡度	-0.067^**	-0.029^**	-0.121^**	-0.069^**	0.038^**	0.028^**
起伏度	-0.140^**	-0.092^**	-0.214^**	-0.170^**	0.034^**	0.024^**

三峡库区腹地山区农业景观格局动态变化与转型

Dynamic changes and transformation of agricultural landscape pattern in mountainous areas: A case study in the hinterland of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

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