黄河三角洲潮沟网络形态特征的时空分异规律及其发育过程

doi:10.11821/dlxb202109019

地理学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (9): 2312-2328.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202109019

黄河三角洲潮沟网络形态特征的时空分异规律及其发育过程

牟奎南¹^,²(), 宫兆宁¹^,²(), 邱华昌¹^,²

1.首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京 100048
2.北京市城市环境过程与数字模拟国家重点实验室培育基地,北京 100048

收稿日期:2020-10-22 修回日期:2021-05-20 出版日期:2021-09-25 发布日期:2021-11-25
通讯作者: 宫兆宁(1976-), 女, 山东青岛人, 博士, 教授, 研究方向为湿地生态遥感。E-mail: gongzhn@163.com
作者简介:牟奎南(1996-), 女, 山东烟台人, 硕士生, 研究方向为遥感技术与地学应用。E-mail: moukuinan@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0505903);国家自然科学基金项目(41971381)

Spatiotemporal differentiation and development process of tidal creek network morphological characteristics in Yellow River Delta

MOU Kuinan¹^,²(), GONG Zhaoning¹^,²(), QIU Huachang¹^,²

1. College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
2. MCA Key Laboratory of Disaster Assessment and Risk Prevention, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China

Received:2020-10-22 Revised:2021-05-20 Published:2021-09-25 Online:2021-11-25
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC0505903);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971381)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

潮沟是陆海生态系统交互作用的主要通道,具有高度的时空动态性。以黄河三角洲新旧河道为界,划分黄河北岸（Ⅰ区）、南岸东（Ⅱ区）、南岸西（Ⅲ区）为对比研究区,选择1998—2018年5个关键时间节点的遥感影像为数据源,利用GIS空间分析功能,定量表征了潮沟发育程度的典型形态特征参数,剖析了黄河改道、湿地恢复工程和外来物种入侵等因子对潮沟发育过程的影响,挖掘潮沟网络的时空演变规律。结果表明：① 潮沟的形态特征具有明显的时空异质性。从1998年黄河改道初期至2004年湿地恢复初期,Ⅰ区各等级潮沟数量大幅减少;由于潮滩淤进和互花米草固滩作用,Ⅱ区潮沟数量、密度、分汊率呈现增长趋势,在2013年互花米草的快速扩张期,潮沟曲率、分汊率明显增大;Ⅲ区潮沟发育的等级、长度、密度最大,等级间的转化频率最高,湿地恢复工程导致低等级潮沟数量、长度明显减少,较强的海洋动力抑制了潮沟曲流的发育。② 黄河改道和侧弯丁坝建设导致平均归槽长度（OPL）增大,潮沟网络的排水效率减少。互花米草的快速扩张使排水效率增大,OPL不断降低;潮沟发育程度Ⅲ区>Ⅱ区>Ⅰ区。③ 潮沟系统由快速变化青年期整体进入缓慢变化中年期,发育状态趋于动态平衡。研究成果有助于了解大范围潮沟的发育过程及演变机制,为沿岸潮滩开发与利用提供科学的决策支撑。

关键词: 潮沟网络, 形态特征参数, 时空分异规律, 发育阶段性, 黄河三角洲

Abstract:

The tidal creek is the main channel for the interaction of the land-sea ecosystem and has a high degree of spatiotemporal dynamics. Taking the old and new river courses in the Yellow River Delta as the boundary, the North Bank of the Yellow River (Area I), the East of the South Bank (Area II), and the West of the South Bank (Area III) are divided into comparative study areas. Remote-sensing images of five key time nodes from 1998 to 2018 are selected as the data source. Using the GIS spatial analysis function, the typical morphological characteristics of the tidal creek development degree are quantitatively characterized. The influence of factors such as the Yellow River diversion, wetland restoration project, and alien species invasion on the development process of tidal creeks is analyzed. Mining the temporal and spatial evolution of the tidal creek network through morphological parameters. Results are shown as follows. (1) The morphological characteristics of tidal creeks have obvious spatiotemporal heterogeneity. From the early stage of the Yellow River diversion in 1998 to the early stage of wetland restoration in 2004, the number of tidal creeks at all levels in Area I decreased significantly. Owing to the siltation of tidal flats and the effect of Spartina alterniflora, the number, density, and bifurcation ratio of tidal creeks in Area II showed an increasing trend. During the rapid expansion period of Spartina alterniflora in 2013, the curvature and bifurcation ratio of the tidal creek increased significantly. The level, length, and density of tidal creek development in Area III were the highest, as is the frequency of conversion between levels. The wetland restoration project has resulted in a significant reduction in the number and length of low-grade tidal creeks. Strong ocean dynamics inhibited the development of meanders in tidal creeks. (2) The diversion of the Yellow River and construction of side-curved spur dams have led to an increase in the overmarsh path length (OPL). This reduces the drainage density of the tidal creek network The rapid expansion of Spartina alterniflora increased the drainage density and the OPL continued to decrease. The degree of tidal creek development is Area III>Area II>Area I. (3) The tidal creek system changed rapidly from adolescence to middle age, and the development tended to be in dynamic equilibrium. The research results aid an understanding of the development process and evolution mechanism of large-scale tidal creeks, and provide scientific decision support for the development and utilization of coastal tidal flats.

Key words: tidal creek network, morphological characteristic parameter, spatiotemporal differentiation, development stage, Yellow River Delta

牟奎南, 宫兆宁, 邱华昌. 黄河三角洲潮沟网络形态特征的时空分异规律及其发育过程[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(9): 2312-2328.

MOU Kuinan, GONG Zhaoning, QIU Huachang. Spatiotemporal differentiation and development process of tidal creek network morphological characteristics in Yellow River Delta[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(9): 2312-2328.

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影像类别	时段	影像类型	行列号	成像时间
实验影像	1998	TM	121/34	04/19,06/06,09/26,12/15
	2004	TM	121/34	03/18,05/21,09/10,10/12
	2008	TM	121/34	04/14,07/03,10/07,10/23
	2013	OLI	121/34	04/02,06/15,09/03,11/22
	2018	OLI	121/34	03/25,07/31,09/17,10/19
验证影像	2013	SPOT-6	-	09/03
	2018	GF-1 PMS	-	07/16

黄河三角洲潮沟网络形态特征的时空分异规律及其发育过程

Spatiotemporal differentiation and development process of tidal creek network morphological characteristics in Yellow River Delta

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[15]	徐君亮, 李春初. 评介《中国的三大三角洲》[J]. 地理学报, 1995, 50(6): 568-569.