基于泥炭记录的过去150 a东北山地大气粉尘沉降

doi:10.11821/dlxb202109017

地理学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (9): 2283-2296.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202109017

基于泥炭记录的过去150 a东北山地大气粉尘沉降

鲍锟山¹(), 杨婷¹, 肖湘¹, 贾琳², 王国平³, 沈吉⁴

1.华南师范大学地理科学学院,广州 510631
2.北京市环境保护科学研究院国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心污染场地风险模拟与修复北京市重点实验室,北京 100037
3.中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春 130102
4.南京大学地理与海洋学院,南京 210023

收稿日期:2019-12-31 修回日期:2021-04-20 出版日期:2021-09-25 发布日期:2021-11-25
作者简介:鲍锟山(1984-), 男, 湖北麻城人, 博士, 研究员, 硕导, 主要从事湖沼沉积、泥炭地学与环境演变研究。E-mail: ksbao@scnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41971113)

Atmospheric dust deposition history over the past 150 a recorded by mountain peatlands in northeast China

BAO Kunshan¹(), YANG Ting¹, XIAO Xiang¹, JIA Lin², WANG Guoping³, SHEN Ji⁴

1. School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
2. Beijing Key Laboratory for risk modeling and remediation of contaminated sites, National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection,Beijing 100037, China
3. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China
4. School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China

Received:2019-12-31 Revised:2021-04-20 Published:2021-09-25 Online:2021-11-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971113)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究过去150 a来大气粉尘沉降历史及其对季风边缘区和季风影响区的影响差异,利用长白山典型雨养泥炭灰分粒度、成岩化学元素、²¹⁰Pb和¹³⁷Cs年代等指标重建过去大气粉尘变化,并与大兴安岭摩天岭雨养泥炭粉尘记录进行比较。东北山地泥炭灰分主要以粘土颗粒和粉砂颗粒物为主。中值粒径和成岩元素特征也初步揭示东北山地泥炭中矿物灰分主要源于蒙古国和中国北方沙漠和沙地的土壤尘。大气土壤尘降通量自19世纪初至20世纪60年代表现出逐渐增加的趋势,与区域近代化、工业化和战争等人类活动强度增加一致。在过去60 a间具有减小的趋势,与区域自然尘暴的监测数据吻合较好。东北地区长距离传输的大气土壤尘降通量背景基线为(5.2±2.6) g m^-2 a^-1。长白山大气土壤尘降通量（5~38 g m^-2 a^-1）小于大兴安岭（14~68 g m^-2 a^-1）,揭示了大气尘降随着与尘源区的距离增加而递减,对东北地区西部的影响要强于对东部的影响。

关键词: 湿地沉积, 雨养泥炭, 粉尘通量, 气候变化, 历史重建

Abstract:

In order to investigate the past 150-year history of atmospheric dust deposition and its effect on the Asian monsoon zone and marginal zone, ombrotrophic peats from the Changbai Mountians were used to reconstruct the past history of atmospheric dust deposition based on the grain-size, lithogenic elements and ²¹⁰Pb and¹³⁷Cs dating. The dust deposition sequences were compared with those from Motianling peat of Great Hinggan Mountains. The mountain peat ash in northeast China was mainly composed of clay and silt. The medium grain size and the lithogenic elemental fingerprints also preliminarily revealed that the mineral dust in the mountain peat of northeast China were mainly from the soil dust in Mongolian and northern China desert and sand land areas. The atmospheric soil dust deposition flux increased gradually from the 1800s to the 1960s, which was consistent with the increase of human activities such as regional modernization, industrialization and aggressive wars. There was a decreasing trend in the atmospheric soil dust deposition during the past 60 years in northeast China, as shown by the mountain peat records, which is in good agreement with the monitoring data of regional natural dust storms. The background baseline of the long-distance atmospheric soil dust deposition flux in northeast China is calculated as 5.2±2.6 g m^-2 a^-1. The mean atmospheric soil dust flux was 5-38 g m^-2 a^-1 in the Changbai Mountain area, and that value was 14-68 g m^-2 a^-1 in the Great Hinggan Mountain area. The atmospheric dust deposition rates derived from the Changbai Mountain peat were smaller than those derived from the Great Hinggan Mountian peat. This suggested a decreasing atmospheric dust deposition with the increasing distance from the dust source area, and thus the influence extent of atmospheric dust deposition on the western side was higher than that on the eastern side of northeast China.

Key words: wetland sediment, ombrotrophic peat, dust flux, climate change, historical reconstruction

鲍锟山, 杨婷, 肖湘, 贾琳, 王国平, 沈吉. 基于泥炭记录的过去150 a东北山地大气粉尘沉降[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(9): 2283-2296.

BAO Kunshan, YANG Ting, XIAO Xiang, JIA Lin, WANG Guoping, SHEN Ji. Atmospheric dust deposition history over the past 150 a recorded by mountain peatlands in northeast China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(9): 2283-2296.

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样品	区域	铝(%)	钙(%)	铁(%)	锰(mg g^-1)	钒(mg kg^-1)	钛(mg g^-1)	数据来源
泥炭	长白山地区	0.5~2.3	1.2	0.2~0.9	0~0.2	0~33.9	0.1~1.7	[27, 29]
泥炭	大兴安岭	2.9~5.9	4.1~6.2	2.4~3.8	1.0~2.3	87.7~123.9	1.6~4.3	[14]
表土	塔克拉玛干沙漠	5.0~5.3	6.3~6.6	2.1~2.3	0.5	-	0.3	[58]
表土	戈壁沙漠	6.0	2.8	3.0	0.6	-	0.4	[58]
表土	黄土区域	5.3~6.0	4.8~5.1	2.5~2.9	0.5~0.7	-	0.3	[58]
粉尘气溶胶	巴丹吉林沙漠	7.0	7.0	4.0	2.0	-	0.5	[47]
粉尘气溶胶	北京	8.6	-	2.4	1.0	95.0	-	[59]
粉尘气溶胶	兰州	4.6	5.13	2.6	0.7	99.0	3.4	[60]

区域	采样点	研究方法	年份	大气尘降通量(g m^-2 a^-1)	数据来源
中国	长白山地区	泥炭档案	1800—1970s	5.2~37.8	本研究
中国	大兴安岭	泥炭档案	1860—2009	13.4~68.1	[14]
中国	科尔沁奈曼	直接监测	2001—2002	257.3	[52]
中国	渤海	直接监测	1987—1992	26.4	[53]
韩国	釜山	直接监测	2002	10~77	[54]
日本	札幌市	直接监测	1994—1995	5.2	[55]
阿根廷	潘帕斯草原	直接监测	1993—1995	40~80	[51]
西亚	死海	直接监测	1997—1999	25.5~60.5	[56]
澳大利亚	澳大利亚东部	气象资料	1957—1984	31.4~43.8	[57]

基于泥炭记录的过去150 a东北山地大气粉尘沉降

Atmospheric dust deposition history over the past 150 a recorded by mountain peatlands in northeast China

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