鄂尔多斯沙区天然水体水化学组成及其成因

doi:10.11821/dlxb202109013

地理学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (9): 2224-2239.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202109013

• 干旱区环境变化与人类适应 • 上一篇下一篇

鄂尔多斯沙区天然水体水化学组成及其成因

任孝宗¹(), 杨小平²()

1.太原师范学院地理科学学院,晋中 030619
2.浙江大学地球科学学院,杭州 310027

收稿日期:2020-06-20 修回日期:2021-02-26 出版日期:2021-09-25 发布日期:2021-11-25
通讯作者: 杨小平(1964-), 男, 宁夏固原人, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事沙漠地貌、干旱区环境演变、荒漠化及风沙灾害防治、干旱地区古气候与水资源、绿洲演化等方面的研究。E-mail: xpyang@zju.edu.cn
作者简介:任孝宗(1983-), 男, 甘肃人, 博士, 副教授, 研究方向为水化学、水文地球化学。E-mail: renxzmail@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41672182);中国科学院陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室开放基金(WL2018004);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2019L0789);太原师范学院青年学术带头人项目

Hydrochemical compositions of natural waters inOrdos Deserts and their influencing factors

REN Xiaozong¹(), YANG Xiaoping²()

1. School of Geography Science, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, China
2. School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

Received:2020-06-20 Revised:2021-02-26 Published:2021-09-25 Online:2021-11-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41672182);Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research(WL2018004);Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(2019L0789);Youth Academic Leader Programs of Taiyuan Normal University

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

天然水体水化学组成及其成因分析既有助于重塑和预测区域水文地质环境及水文地球化学发展历史,也是水资源评价的基础。本文基于鄂尔多斯沙区天然水体水化学数据和前人在该地区的研究成果,利用多种水化学分析方法,对该地区天然水体的水化学组成及其成因进行分析。结果表明：鄂尔多斯沙区毛乌素沙地和库布齐沙漠虽然具有不同的沙漠景观,但其相同类型的天然水体具有相似的水化学性质和成因,该现象的出现可能和两者具有相似的蒸发量有关。鄂尔多斯沙区受蒸发影响较小的深层地下水水化学类型以Ca²⁺-HCO₃^-型为主,其水化学组成主要受控于岩石风化;湖水蒸发较强烈,水化学类型为Na⁺-Cl^-型,其水化学组成主要受控于蒸发—结晶过程的影响;浅层地下水和河水的水化学类型及其成因均处于两者之间,具有过渡特征。离子比例关系显示,蒸发岩风化、碳酸盐岩风化和硅酸盐岩风化在不同程度上影响着深层地下水、浅层地下水和河水的水化学组成。鄂尔多斯沙区地下水和河水虽然能满足灌溉水要求,但由于蒸发强烈,长期使用可能会引起盐碱化。本研究结果可为区域水资源可持续开发利用提供科学依据。

关键词: 鄂尔多斯沙区, 天然水体, 水化学组成, 水化学成因

Abstract:

The analysis of hydrochemical compositions of natural waters and their influencing factors is helpful to understand the regional hydrogeological environment and hydrogeochemical development history. The Ordos Deserts, consisting mainly of the Mu Us Sandy Land and the Hobq Sand Sea, are located in the south of Hetao Plain, north to the Great Wall, surrounded by the Yellow River in the west, north and east, and adjacent to the Loess Plateau in the south. The Ordos Deserts make up the Ordos Plateau, with the same tectonic background, similar amount of precipitation and evaporation rates. There are a large number of lakes and rivers in these deserts. In this paper, based on the hydrochemical data of natural waters in the Ordos Deserts, the chemical compositions of natural waters and their influencing factors are analyzed, using various hydrochemical analysis methods. Results show that although Mu Us Sandy Land and Hobq Sand Sea have different landscapes, their natural waters of the same type have similar hydrochemical features, which should be related to their similar rates of evaporation. Deep groundwater in the Ordos Deserts is mainly Ca²⁺-HCO₃^- type and its chemical composition is mainly influenced by rock weathering. Due to strong evaporation, the hydrochemical nature of lakes in these regions is characterized with Na⁺-Cl^- contents. As for shallow groundwater and river waters, their hydrochemical features and influencing factors show transitional characteristics between deep groundwater and lake water. The ion ratios show that the weathering of evaporites, carbonate and silicate rocks affects the hydrochemical composition of deep groundwater, shallow groundwater and river water to a varying degree. Although the groundwater and river water in the Ordos Deserts are suitable for irrigation, an excessive use of them will cause salinization, which should be given attention timely.

Key words: Ordos Deserts, natural waters, hydrochemical composition, influencing factor

任孝宗, 杨小平. 鄂尔多斯沙区天然水体水化学组成及其成因[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(9): 2224-2239.

REN Xiaozong, YANG Xiaoping. Hydrochemical compositions of natural waters inOrdos Deserts and their influencing factors[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(9): 2224-2239.

图/表 11

图1

表1

天然水体的水化学综合指标及离子含量

区域	样品号	样品类型	pH	Eh	EC	TDS	SAL	F^-	Cl^-	NO₃^-	SO₄^2-	CO₃^2-	HCO₃^-	Na⁺	NH₄⁺	K⁺	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺
毛乌素沙地	ms1	泉水	7.14	-34	922	491	0.5	1.07	46.36	2.51	66.78	0.00	416.13	99.29	2.22	1.01	28.56	43.37
	mr1	河水	8.10	-87	339	180	0.2	0.12	7.94	0.26	10.39	0.00	162.45	9.17	1.01	1.77	7.16	46.52
	mr2	河水	8.48	-108	1060	560	0.6	0.73	152.15	1.80	63.79	0.00	337.40	105.39	2.25	6.91	30.24	37.74
	mr3	河水	7.91	-77	688	367	0.4	0.75	37.86	0.41	23.00	0.00	323.65	48.93	1.94	4.89	22.96	46.48
	mr4	河水	7.58	-62	573	305	0.3	0.43	52.32	1.69	31.09	0.00	226.18	41.33	2.33	2.11	25.83	35.78
	mg1	深层地下水	7.58	-57	357	190	0.2	0.23	7.13	0.19	14.11	0.00	186.19	8.03	0.71	1.57	8.93	44.22
	mg2	深层地下水	7.21	-38	1090	500	0.6	1.09	8.42	0.03	41.04	0.00	581.08	9.85	1.43	4.17	60.04	76.34
	mg3	浅层地下水	7.00	-26	1230	660	0.8	0.21	147.70	150.42	25.62	0.00	74.98	28.95	2.03	5.35	28.51	119.14
	mg4	深层地下水	7.57	-58	539	287	0.3	0.47	50.85	19.84	24.42	0.00	133.71	25.83	1.36	2.85	12.32	47.93
	mg5	浅层地下水	8.71	-118	472	251	0.3	0.38	17.86	0.24	31.99	0.00	163.45	78.55	3.03	1.39	4.28	5.31
	mg6	深层地下水	7.79	-68	529	281	0.3	0.32	21.57	16.68	48.59	0.00	136.21	18.15	1.15	1.83	11.15	67.51
	mg7	深层地下水	7.79	-68	316	167	0.0	0.21	6.34	3.21	9.07	0.00	134.96	13.72	1.61	2.65	10.36	35.39
	mg8	深层地下水	7.67	-62	389	206	0.2	0.23	28.54	5.16	11.11	0.00	143.08	11.10	1.33	2.50	13.00	43.90
	ml1	湖水	10.17	-201	5530	2990	3.6	3.94	1508.19	0.00	311.94	281.94	414.31	1141.44	42.05	80.38	68.26	3.84
	ml2	湖水	9.13	-144	4470	2410	2.8	3.30	1262.31	0.00	253.07	23.45	377.86	856.67	27.67	19.40	57.14	10.81
	ml3	湖水	9.74	-180	15600	8600	9.6	6.08	5672.02	0.00	355.51	389.18	1539.32	3761.28	118.67	201.78	18.94	24.14
	ml4	湖水	9.27	-154	5760	3090	3.4	1.18	1966.19	0.00	132.27	165.91	599.82	897.30	30.62	227.35	24.83	11.48
	ml5	湖水	9.14	-145	14900	8300	10.1	3.49	4713.43	0.00	1140.89	24.56	386.66	3147.18	107.23	421.69	198.97	10.53
	ml6	湖水	9.86	-186	31400	18300	22.0	11.74	9999.64	0.00	1673.90	676.32	2029.22	8009.83	250.15	304.10	43.99	47.26
	ml7	湖水	7.49	-53	-	-	-	3.99	202780.82	0.00	33917.06	0.01	8.66	70438.01	2208.06	1114.31	7607.87	580.44
	ml8	湖水	8.45	-109	-	-	-	0.00	271841.44	0.00	48958.14	1.02	78.95	105126.78	3109.05	10159.71	708.48	447.18
	ml9	湖水	9.82	-188	60900	38400	42.0	1.68	34703.00	0.00	1365.61	562.54	1850.67	12532.98	386.35	2674.85	87.79	41.83
	ml10	湖水	9.63	-175	78500	51400	58.9	3.78	43727.20	0.00	4293.31	234.50	1194.90	22550.90	641.40	4927.95	113.49	57.86
	mp1	降水	7.78	-68	67.9	35.9	0.0	0.07	7.11	1.40	5.65	/	/	1.72	1.31	1.14	1.90	5.87
库布齐沙漠	kr1	河水	8.16	-84	456	246	0.2	0.43	18.46	4.62	16.43	1.10	215.20	21.85	0.00	2.44	16.40	37.65
	kr2	河水	8.00	-77	547	291	0.3	0.53	28.40	4.11	17.31	1.00	259.00	27.72	0.00	2.41	17.81	46.58
	kr3	河水	7.98	-76	479	255	0.3	0.35	26.08	7.01	21.98	0.90	198.50	24.31	0.00	3.17	15.82	39.92
	kr4	河水	8.02	-77	1470	780	0.8	1.06	204.00	22.88	309.68	1.00	207.30	143.84	0.00	5.32	32.14	65.16
	kr5	河水	7.69	-59	1380	740	0.7	0.64	211.90	12.69	277.37	0.40	199.20	118.45	0.00	5.58	41.81	62.98
	kr6	河水	8.06	-80	1230	660	0.6	0.66	163.72	20.53	206.37	1.10	195.70	112.28	0.00	4.96	37.52	53.97
	kr7	河水	8.06	-80	537	286	0.3	0.48	21.79	16.23	20.59	1.10	240.70	28.84	0.00	2.79	20.97	42.21
	kr8	河水	8.02	-77	495	263	0.3	0.42	20.20	7.33	19.07	1.00	226.40	26.70	0.00	2.66	16.21	42.51
	kl1	湖水	10.13	-199	4810	2590	2.7	0.40	1165.99	0.00	787.01	182.90	289.10	1137.27	0.00	11.02	4.56	4.79
	kl2	湖水	8.22	-89	3070	1650	1.7	1.81	783.33	0.00	30.14	4.20	547.40	337.68	0.00	35.47	92.24	45.04
	kl3	湖水	9.12	-141	2280	1220	1.1	1.42	262.32	1.77	10.85	66.50	1095.80	235.31	0.00	116.23	146.17	6.38
	kl4	湖水	9.47	-163	16300	9100	9.6	0.50	4071.66	0.00	29.42	609.90	3944.70	2595.54	0.00	801.00	79.54	7.79

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

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鄂尔多斯沙区天然水体水化学组成及其成因

Hydrochemical compositions of natural waters inOrdos Deserts and their influencing factors

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