拉萨藏漂的自我表达与地方意义解读

doi:10.11821/dlxb202108016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

藏漂是利用特殊地方对抗现代性负面影响的典型群体,其漂泊藏地的生命历程为研究自我与地方的互构机制提供了鲜活案例。基于半结构化访谈和实地观察收集的研究资料,本研究从历时性的微观角度入手,分析了不同时空条件下,藏漂自我表达和地方意义之间的关系演变。结果显示：该关系具有显著的阶段性特征,具体表现为：错配期——以寻求“诗意地方”为核心的自我表达强化;适配期——以追求“放任自我”为目标的地方意义生产;择配期——以多元价值为诉求的自我与地方调适。在此基础上,研究认为藏漂自我表达与地方意义的时空互动,本质上也是在不同阶段对真实意义的持续追求。在整个旅藏过程中,这种真实意义先后表现为自我真实、体验真实和价值真实的补充与替代,且呈现出由自我向朋友、家人和地方扩散的外推趋势。本研究的主要贡献在于同时从自我和地方两个基本点出发,明确了在藏漂寻求自我恢复和地方支持过程中人地关系核心意义的阶段呈现和发展规律,希望能为探究旅居者价值追求演变规律、人地关系联动机制和民族地区的现代化发展提供有益补充。

关键词: 藏漂, 地方意义, 自我表达, 现代性, 拉萨

Abstract:

Tibet drifters, a typical group who utilize special place to fight against the negative effects of modernity, have special life courses of drifting in Tibet which can provide vivid cases for the study about mutual-construction mechanism between self and place. Based on the research data collected through semi-structured interviews and field observation, this study analyzes the evolution of the relationship between Tibet drifters' self-expression and place meaning under different spatial and temporal conditions from the micro diachronic perspective. The results show that the relationship has significant characteristics in different periods: During the mismatch period, Tibet drifters strengthen their self-expression by understanding Tibet as a "poetic paradise"; during the adaptation period, while continuing to pursue an indulgent self-concept, Tibet drifters also produce highly subjective and individual place meaning; during the selection period, as Tibet is becoming more modern and individuals are entering new life stages, Tibet drifters gradually develop diverse self-expressions and place meanings. On this basis, the study argues that the spatio-temporal interaction between Tibet drifters' self-expression and place meaning can be manifested as continuous pursuit of authentic meaning at different periods. In the whole process of sojourning to Tibet, this authentic meaning is expressed as ordinal arrangement from self-authenticity, experiential authenticity to value authenticity, which shows an extrapolating trend from self to friends, family and place. The main contribution of this study is to clarify the presentation of periods and development pattern of the core meaning of human-land relationship in the process of Tibet drifters' search for self-restoration and place support from two basic points of self and place at the same time, in order to provide a useful supplement for exploring the evolution pattern of sojourners' value pursuit, the linkage mechanism of human-land relationship and the modernization development of ethnic areas.

Key words: Tibet drifter, place meaning, self-expression, modernity, Lhasa

白凯, 王博林. 拉萨藏漂的自我表达与地方意义解读[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(8): 2048-2066.

BAI Kai, WANG Bolin. The interpretation of place meaning and the expression of self-concept: A case study of Tibet drifters in Lhasa, Tibet[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(8): 2048-2066.

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编号	姓名/昵称	性别	年龄(岁)	入藏时长(a)	职业
L01	马师傅	男	42	3	出租车司机
L02	Mily	女	21	1	化妆师
D03	珊珊	女	21	1	待业
L04	梅子	女	39	3	客栈服务员
G05	王老师	男	35	6	摄影师
Q06	项哥	男	33	3	客栈老板
Q07	赵哥	男	31	1	客栈老板
Q08	秦哥	男	31	2	客栈老板
Q09	蔺佩	女	29	3	客栈老板
L10	长发哥	男	32	6	特产销售员
G11	大白兔	女	24	1	摆摊
G12	阿秋	女	24	1	摆摊
G13	郑准	男	26	3	摆摊
G14	何老板	男	26	3	摆摊
G15	土豆	男	29	5	摆摊
Q16	阿唐	男	34	5	书店老板
L17	小山东	男	27	4	书店服务员
Q18	小雅	女	29	2	客栈老板
Q19	张交	男	29	6	客栈老板
Q20	萌萌	女	23	1	客栈老板
Q21	小云	女	22	2	客栈老板
G22	亮子	男	32	4	摆摊
G23	五块哥	男	28	2	摆摊
G24	小菲	女	22	1	摆摊
L25	鹏哥	男	36	5	导游

编号	错配期	适配期	择配期
L01	经济压力大	享受生活自由和经济自由	*
L02	家庭、学校约束	享受生活自由和经济独立	*
D03	家庭、学校约束	追求“偶遇”和“邂逅”	*
L04	校园生活单调,无意义	丰富阅历,感受异地风情	*
G05	工作忙碌,无意义	享受生活自由和人际关系,感受藏文化	带女儿旅游,守护藏文化
Q06	无意义,患有抑郁症	享受生活自由和人际关系,感受藏文化	思考经营策略,偏爱藏传佛教
Q07	工作忙碌	享受生活自由和人际关系	思考经营策略
Q08	工作忙碌	享受生活自由和经济自由	*
Q09	生活方式单调	享受生活自由,感受藏文化	守护藏文化
L10	反感物质主义	追求精神自由和生活自由	寻求物质和精神平衡发展
G11	校园生活缺乏价值感,渴望支边	*	工作忙碌,计划前往尼泊尔
G12	校园生活单调,无意义	享受生活自由和人际关系	*
G13	工作忙碌	享受生活自由和人际关系	*
G14	工作忙碌	享受生活自由和人际关系	*
G15	工作压力大	享受生活自由和人际关系	*
Q16	都市生活单调	感受藏文化	区域文化隔阂,难以融入地方
L17	都市生活无意义	感受藏文化	工作与国际旅游结合
Q18	生活琐碎	享受悠闲生活状态	经济压力增加,从事多种业务
Q19	质疑西藏形象	享受人际关系,感受藏文化	回家赡养父母
Q20	家庭约束,经济受制	和男友一同赴藏	*
Q21	人际关系物化	享受爱情和友情	陪同爱人留居西藏
G22	生活琐碎,约束太多	享受生活自由和人际关系,感受藏文化	*
G23	经济压力大	享受生活自由	*
G24	人际关系物化	享受人际关系,感受藏地风情	*
L25	经济压力大	享受生活自由和经济自由	*