中国工业地理学的传承发展与转型

doi:10.11821/dlxb202108001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文基于1934—2019年《地理学报》期刊发表的154篇工业地理学论文分析中国工业地理发展脉络与主要领域研究进展。中国工业地理在融合了西方工业地理理论和苏联工业地理理论基础上,结合中国实际情况逐渐发展出兼顾理论研究和实践双重任务驱动下的特色学科体系,在经历了诞生探索、成长总结、视角转换、稳步发展4个阶段后,学科内容和范式逐渐与国际接轨,成长为一门相对成熟且具有重要意义的学科。在学科建设方面,未来需要继续服务社会经济建设,增强理论创新能力,加强新技术手段应用,结合中国制度环境推动建设中国特色的工业地理学。

关键词: 中国, 工业地理, 地理学报, 发展脉络, 学科进展

Abstract:

It is very important to summarize the research, understand the development process and direction of industrial geography in China scientifically under the context of the development of international industrial geography. Based on 154 papers on industrial geography published in Acta Geographica Sinica from 1934-2019, this paper reviewed the development process of industrial geography in China and the progress of research in major fields. This paper showed that China's industrial geography is a unique theoretical system based on the integration of Western industrial geography theory and Soviet-style industrial geography theory, under the tasks of theory development and practices. Going through exploration, growth, perspective changing and deepening, industrial geography is gradually brought into line with the international researches on the content and paradigm. The development of discipline needs to meet the national strategic demand, raise theoretical innovation capacity, strengthen the application of new methods and techniques, and develop theories of industrial geography with the Chinese institutional context.

Key words: China, industrial geography, Acta Geographica Sinica, development process, research progress

贺灿飞, 王文宇, 郭琪. 中国工业地理学的传承发展与转型[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(8): 1815-1834.

HE Canfei, WANG Wenyu, GUO Qi. The inheritance, development and transformation of industrial geography in China: Based on analysis of articles published in Acta Geographica Sinica during 1934-2019[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(8): 1815-1834.

图/表 5

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国内外工业地理进展比较

尺度	研究对象	研究内容	国际工业地理	中国工业地理
宏观	企业	经济全球化	外商直接投资空间格局,跨国公司时空变化趋势,区域生产转移,世界各地工业区兴衰,发达国家和地区再工业化,全球化新要素	区域参与全球化程度空间差异、全球化对地方发展的影响,区域在全球化背景下的发展策略,跨国公司区位分布和对地方经济的影响
	企业	GPN、GVC、GCC	前3个主题以及GPN的形成与变化,战略耦合的负面效应	全球化与集群,中国在某一产品生产网络的地位,生产网络演化特征,本地企业网络结构和参与GPN的地方效应
	产业	劳动地域分工、功能分工、价值分工	工业布局机制,区域不平等解决方式和研究这些问题的重要性,价值链分工、价值链跨域流动与价值分工空间不平等	生产力平衡布局,地域分工和多极发展,老工业基地振兴,西部大开发,跨国公司功能地域分工,产业地理分工与趋同
	产业	劳动力和劳动力市场	新劳动者数量增加对劳动力市场的重构作用,劳动力市场社会监管和本地治理,劳工组织和工会,劳动力市场细分	劳动力作为企业区位选择的影响因素
微观	企业	企业、网络、制度和后结构主义	企业与地方发展,不同规模企业的网络结构,制度与企业的关系,从社会角度展示企业和其区位选择的方式	关注不同规模和行业的企业空间分布特征和区位选择因素,企业网络,政策或制度改革对企业行为的影响
		工业区、嵌入、集群和集聚	工业区的类型与模式,工业区的社会与制度环境,工业区形成过程,工业区的空间边界与开放程度	老工业基地振兴,工业区的识别、形成过程与影响因素分析,工业区的创新与经济表现,工业区企业网络模式与组织结构,工业区和集群的多样化发展路径
		演化经济地理	路径依赖与不同地理环境的路径锁定,集群、地方性知识扩散和相关多样化,整个经济领域中产业的空间格局演化	与国际研究内容一致,基本是实证研究
	产业	农村工业和工业布局	-	工业类型和影响因素,发展模式探究,农村工业化经济分析,农村工业区形成条件,农村工业地区差异

表3

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	1977年前	1978—1990年	1991—2000年	2001—2019年
主要研究内容	服务国家工业化进程和壮大学科自身发展条件	总结实践经验,空间战略建设	资源型工业布局、企业地理、乡村工业和外商投资	产业集群,工业区,制度,全球化、企业地理、演化
核心关键词	工业布局、工业区、资源、港口	工业布局、经济效果、资源、方案论证、工业分布	香港、外资、区域发展、乡镇企业、全球化	制造业、区位选择、地理集中、产业集群、京津冀、产业结构、全球化
代表学者	胡焕庸、任美锷、李文彦、李文华、胡序威	李文彦,陆大道、胡兆量、周一星、杨吾杨、魏心镇	陆大道、樊杰、李小建、杨开忠、梁进社、刘毅	王缉慈、樊杰、刘卫东、金凤君、曾刚、苗长虹、贺灿飞
代表研究机构	中国科学院地理研究所、南京大学、北京师范大学	中国科学院地理研究所、北京大学、北京师范大学	中国科学院地理研究所、北京大学、北京师范大学、中山大学	北京大学、中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所、华东师范大学、中山大学
代表性成就	工业布局影响因素作用和技术经济论证	“点轴”发展战略、中国能源经济区划分	外资对中国区域发展多重效应、中国乡镇工业发展规律	跨国公司的“被动嵌入”、包容性全球化、区域产业路径突破、互动式创新环境的集群效应
发展阶段	诞生探索阶段	成长总结阶段	视角转换阶段	稳步发展阶段

时间	西方工业地理	苏联工业地理	中国工业地理
19世纪末	工业地理的前身商业地理兴起	马克思列宁主义劳动地域分工	-
20世纪初	工业区位论出现	产业计划布局和经济区划制定调查实践工作	中国学者翻译传播区位论思想
20世纪50年代	区位论到达顶峰	产业计划布局和经济区划制定调查实践工作	论证区域综合工业布局和规划合理性
20世纪60年代	区位决策实践兴起,区域发展理论与规划,行为研究方法	工业布局特点和因素研究	论证部门工业布局合理性
20世纪70年代	行为地理学,企业地理学,结构主义	工业布局条件的技术经济论证;工业生产地域体系结构的分析	服务沿海工业项目区域规划和城市规划,认识和掌握生产力布局客观规律
20世纪80年代	行为地理学,企业地理学,结构主义	开始重视社会属性,研究工业区域结构和布局与社会因素的关系	区域工业地带发展战略,工业布局原则、因素与条件,工业区
20世纪90年代	以技术为本的区域发展理论,文化和制度转向,企业嵌入理论,后结构主义,文化和制度转向	-	工业布局,工业区,农村工业,全球化
当代	工业区,产业集群,全球化,企业,GPN、GVC、GCC,后结构主义,制度,演化	-	工业布局,工业区与集聚,全球化