西辽河流域中晚全新世气候环境演变及其对农牧业演替的影响

doi:10.11821/dlxb202107004

地理学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (7): 1618-1633.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202107004

西辽河流域中晚全新世气候环境演变及其对农牧业演替的影响

何瑾¹(), 刘演¹, 田彦国², 王泽², 肖鑫³, 姜锋¹, 刘韬⁴, 孙千里¹, 陈静¹, 李茂田¹, 陈中原¹()

1.华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海 200241
2.内蒙古史前文化博物馆,敖汉旗 024300
3.上海宽带技术及应用工程研究中心,上海 200436
4.湖北大学资源环境学院,武汉 430000

收稿日期:2020-02-18 修回日期:2021-04-27 出版日期:2021-07-25 发布日期:2021-09-25
通讯作者: 陈中原(1953-), 男, 浙江宁波人, 教授, 主要从事河流—三角洲沉积地貌过程及环境考古学研究。E-mail: z.chen@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn
作者简介:何瑾(1996-), 女, 浙江东阳人, 硕士生, 主要从事古气候变化与人类响应研究。E-mail: hejin_pro@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41620104004);国家自然科学基金项目(41971007)

Mid-Late Holocene climate change and its impact on the agriculture-pastoralism evolution in the West Liaohe Basin

HE Jin¹(), LIU Yan¹, TIAN Yanguo², WANG Ze², XIAO Xin³, JIANG Feng¹, LIU Tao⁴, SUN Qianli¹, CHEN Jing¹, LI Maotian¹, CHEN Zhongyuan¹()

1. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
2. Inner Mongolia Prehistoric Culture Museum, Aohan Banner 024300, Inner Mongolia, China
3. Shanghai Broadband Technology and Application Engineering Research Center, Shanghai 200436, China
4. Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430000, China

Received:2020-02-18 Revised:2021-04-27 Published:2021-07-25 Online:2021-09-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41620104004);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971007)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

气候变化是人类文明演化的重要驱动力之一,中国东北西辽河流域地处季风气候敏感带,早中全新世以来古文化演替频繁,具有研究气候变化与早期农业文明响应的重要价值。本文基于西辽河流域兴隆洼（XLW）剖面高精度年代学框架开展多种气候代用指标分析,重建了中晚全新世以来西辽河流域的气候环境演变历史。结果显示,距今5.0 ka以来研究区经历了冷干—暖湿—冷干的气候演变过程。5.0—3.7 cal. ka BP期间,磁化率、烧失量等指标的低值反映了气候由全新世大暖期向冷干环境的转变,可能与东亚夏季风的衰退有关。该时期红山文化衰退,逐渐被以渔猎和农业并重的小河沿文化所取代,东北地区遗址数量有所减少并出现明显南偏。3.7 cal. ka BP后,磁化率、烧失量等指标的高值指示了夏季风的增强,水热条件的改善促进了旱作农业的发展,为夏家店下层文化的发展提供了有利条件。这一阶段东北地区出现人口大爆发,遗址数量达到峰值。2.8 cal. ka BP后,磁化率与烧失量波动降低,表明夏季风波动频繁,气候逐渐转冷干,水热条件的衰退可能导致了夏家店上层文化时期旱作农业的退化与游牧业的发展,且遗址分布出现南偏。

关键词: 夏家店文化, 西辽河流域, 气候演变, 农牧交替, 文化演替

Abstract:

Climate change plays a significant role in the evolution of human civilization. The West Liaohe Basin of northeast (NE) China, an area sensitive to monsoon climate change, has a prolonged history of agriculture-based civilizations, making it an ideal place to study human-landscape interactions in the Holocene. Here, analyses of multi-proxies were applied to a sediment profile (XLW) obtained near the Xinglongwa archaeological site, with a reliable chronology that covered mainly the past 5000 years. The result showed that from 5.0 to 3.7 cal. ka BP, the climate turned cooler/drier as indicated by the low magnetic susceptibility and loss on ignition (LOI), coeval with the decline of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). This change in climate condition coincided with the demise of agriculture-based Hongshan Culture, which was later replaced by the Xiaoheyan Culture featured by fishing and gathering livelihood. During this period, the number of Neolithic sites in NE China decreased, with a significant southward migration, possibly related to climate deterioration. After 3.7 cal. ka BP, high values of magnetic susceptibility and LOI indicated enhanced terrestrial input, which may result from the strengthening of EASM under a warming climate condition. This could have promoted the recovery of agriculture and boosted the development of the Lower Xiajiadian Culture, during which a demographic expansion was indicated by a significant increase in site numbers. After 2.8 cal. ka BP, a decreasing trend in magnetic susceptibility and LOI hinted the deterioration of EASM with a cool/dry setting, which might have caused a southward shift of settlements in the Upper Xiajiadian Culture when farming was partially replaced by pastoralism.

Key words: Xiajiadian Culture, West Liaohe Basin, climate change, agriculture-pastoralism alternation, culture evolution

何瑾, 刘演, 田彦国, 王泽, 肖鑫, 姜锋, 刘韬, 孙千里, 陈静, 李茂田, 陈中原. 西辽河流域中晚全新世气候环境演变及其对农牧业演替的影响[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(7): 1618-1633.

HE Jin, LIU Yan, TIAN Yanguo, WANG Ze, XIAO Xin, JIANG Feng, LIU Tao, SUN Qianli, CHEN Jing, LI Maotian, CHEN Zhongyuan. Mid-Late Holocene climate change and its impact on the agriculture-pastoralism evolution in the West Liaohe Basin[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(7): 1618-1633.

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实验室编号	样品号	深度(cm)	测年材料	¹⁴C年龄(ka BP)	校正年龄2σ(ka BP)
Beta-514288	XLW-105	105	有机质	2.43±0.03	2.72—2.43
Beta-514299	XLW-122	122	有机质	2.57±0.03	2.78—2.72
Beta-514289	XLW-194	194	有机质	2.82±0.03	3.08—2.92
Beta-514291	XLW-226	226	有机质	2.93±0.03	3.25—3.07
Beta-507776	XLW-258	258	有机质	2.99±0.03	3.35—3.17
Beta-507777	XLW-300	300	有机质	3.27±0.03	3.64—3.48
Beta-514290	XLW-336	336	有机质	3.70±0.03	4.24—4.07

编号	样品号	深度(cm)	U(ppm)	Th(ppm)	K(%)	含水量(%)	环境剂量率(Gy/ka)	等效剂量(Gy)	年代(ka BP)
L663^*	XLW-33	33	1.31	7.09	2.66	10	3.37 ± 0.16	24.46 ± 4.30	7.27 ± 1.33
L664^*	XLW-63	63	1.18	9.31	2.48	10	3.30 ± 0.16	9.25 ± 1.44	2.81 ± 0.46
L665	XLW-90	90	1.39	8.15	2.34	10	3.12 ± 0.15	6.26 ± 0.44	2.00 ± 0.17
L666	XLW-156	156	1.60	13.00	2.44	10	3.55 ± 0.17	8.69 ± 0.30	2.45 ± 0.14
L667	XLW-193	193	1.85	9.25	2.43	10	3.35 ± 0.16	9.28 ± 0.54	2.77 ± 0.21
L668	XLW-288	288	1.33	6.76	3.05	10	3.63 ± 0.18	12.04 ± 0.38	3.32 ± 0.20
L670	XLW-342	342	2.05	8.92	2.46	10	3.37 ± 0.16	13.57 ± 0.38	4.03 ± 0.22
L671	XLW-375	375	2.01	7.49	2.41	10	3.22 ± 0.16	16.01 ± 1.26	4.97 ± 0.46
L672	XLW-415	415	1.72	9.05	2.50	10	3.33 ± 0.16	49.29 ± 6.10	14.78 ± 1.97
L673	XLW-430	430	1.54	9.42	2.74	10	3.54 ± 0.18	61.90 ± 6.31	17.51 ± 1.98

西辽河流域中晚全新世气候环境演变及其对农牧业演替的影响

Mid-Late Holocene climate change and its impact on the agriculture-pastoralism evolution in the West Liaohe Basin

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