西伯利亚北极河流有机碳输出特征及影响要素

doi:10.11821/dlxb202105002

地理学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (5): 1065-1077.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202105002

西伯利亚北极河流有机碳输出特征及影响要素

刘诗奇¹(), 王平¹^,²(), 王田野³, 黄其威¹^,², 于静洁¹^,²

1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京 100101
2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
3.郑州大学水利科学与工程学院,郑州 450001

收稿日期:2020-03-05 修回日期:2020-12-02 出版日期:2021-05-25 发布日期:2021-07-25
通讯作者: 王平(1979-), 男, 安徽人, 博士, 副研究员, 主要从事水文水资源研究。E-mail: wangping@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介:刘诗奇(1990-), 女, 黑龙江人, 博士后, 主要从事地质环境与气候变化研究。E-mail: liusq@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42001098);国家科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY101301);国家科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY101302);中国科学院重点部署项目(ZDRW-ZS-2017-4);中国博士后科学基金项目(2020M670434)

Characteristic analysis of organic carbon output and its affecting factors of Arctic rivers in Siberia

LIU Shiqi¹(), WANG Ping¹^,²(), WANG Tianye³, HUANG Qiwei¹^,², YU Jingjie¹^,²

1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China

Received:2020-03-05 Revised:2020-12-02 Published:2021-05-25 Online:2021-07-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42001098);The Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(2017FY101301);The Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(2017FY101302);Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDRW-ZS-2017-4);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M670434)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

河流有机碳输出是北极碳循环的重要组分,对气候变化十分敏感。本文利用ArcticGRO的径流及有机碳数据,通过数理统计分析等方法,对2004—2017年间俄罗斯西伯利亚地区的鄂毕河、叶尼塞河和勒拿河有机碳输出进行研究。结果显示：西伯利亚3大河流的年均有机碳输出总量约23 Tg,其中溶解有机碳（DOC）输出约18.55 Tg,占北极地区50%以上,接近颗粒有机碳（POC）输出的4倍。2009—2017年间的年均DOC输出量较1999—2008年存在较大差异,鄂毕河增加18%,叶尼塞河下降13%,而勒拿河增加了近70%。春、夏两季有机碳输出总量占全年85%以上,春季为有机碳输出高峰期,而在鄂毕河流域春、夏季贡献率相当。各流域河流有机碳输出特征不同且具有季节性变化,主要受径流、冻土及人类活动等的影响。其中,DOC输出总量在年际与季节性变化特征上均与径流变化呈显著正相关,随径流增加DOC浓度也相应增大;而多年冻土也因类型及分布差异对河流DOC与POC具有不同程度的影响。研究气候变化下的北极河流有机碳输出特征及影响要素,有助于深入理解北极河流有机碳输出对气候及环境变化的综合响应,为揭示气候变化下的北极碳循环过程奠定基础。

关键词: 北极河流, 西伯利亚, 有机碳, 径流, 多年冻土

Abstract:

As an important component of Arctic carbon cycle, riverine organic carbon export is very sensitive to climate change. In order to analyze the organic carbon output from 2004 to 2017 of Ob, Yenisei and Lena rivers in Siberia of Russia, river discharge and organic carbon data from the ArcticGRO (https://arcticgreatrivers.org/) were used in this study through mathematical statistical analysis and other methods. Results showed that the total annual organic carbon output of these three rivers is about 23 Tg, among which the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) output is approximately 18.55 Tg, more than half of the total in Arctic regions, and nearly 4 times of particulate organic carbon (POC) output. The output of annual DOC from 2009 to 2017 is significantly different from that of 1999-2008, DOC output of Ob River increased by 18% annually, Lena River increased by almost 70%, while Yenisei River dropped by 13%. The organic carbon output in spring and summer reached more than 85% of the whole year, with an output peak in spring, but the outputs of Ob River in spring and summer were almost the same. The organic carbon output characteristics of these river basins are different in seasonality, which was mainly affected by runoff, permafrost and human activities. Among them, the total DOC output has a significant positive correlation with runoff variation in terms of inter-annual and seasonal changes. In general, DOC concentration becomes larger as the discharge increases. Permafrost also has notable influence on river DOC and POC due to various types of distribution. Therefore, the study of the characteristics and influencing factors of the organic carbon output of Arctic rivers under climate change is conducive to in-depth understanding of the comprehensive response of the organic carbon output of Arctic rivers to climate and environmental changes, which lays a foundation for revealing the process of the Arctic carbon cycle under climate change.

Key words: Arctic river, Siberia, organic carbon, runoff, permafrost

刘诗奇, 王平, 王田野, 黄其威, 于静洁. 西伯利亚北极河流有机碳输出特征及影响要素[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(5): 1065-1077.

LIU Shiqi, WANG Ping, WANG Tianye, HUANG Qiwei, YU Jingjie. Characteristic analysis of organic carbon output and its affecting factors of Arctic rivers in Siberia[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(5): 1065-1077.

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	鄂毕河	叶尼塞河	勒拿河	来源文献
汇入海域	喀拉海		拉普捷夫海	^[11]
海域面积(10⁴km²)	661.5		363.2
海域DOC汇入(Tg/a)	11.1		8.26
流域面积(10⁴km²)	311	257	247	^[1]
	257	258	242	^[39]
	299	254	246	^[9]
	295	244	243	^[32]
流域平均海拔(m)	305	769	608	^[1]
流域平均坡度(°)	1.98	4.90	4.91
平均土壤厚度(cm)	216	93	49
年均降水量(mm)	393	356	337
年均气温(℃)	-0.6	-4.5	-8.6
土壤有机碳(kg/m³)	20	12.6	12.9
年径流量(km³)	404~419	562~577	524~533	^[39]
	405	626	525	^[33]
	427	673	588	^[9]
	410	610	540	^[32]
多年冻土覆盖率(%)	4~18	36~66	78~94	^[33]
多年冻土覆盖率(%)	4	42	90	^[39]
连续多年冻土占比(%)	1	31	77	^[9]
人口密度(人/km²)	8	3	0.4	^[9]
人口密度(人/km²)	7	2	1	^[1]

	鄂毕河	叶尼塞河	勒拿河	来源文献
流量站	萨列哈尔德	伊加尔卡	丘休尔	^[9]
水质监测站	萨列哈尔德	杜金卡	日甘斯克	^[9]
TSS	17	5.9	18	^[39]
TOC	3.5	4.7	6.7	^[39]
DOC	3.1~3.2	4.1~4.9	3.4~4.7	^[39]
	3.05	4.69	5.83	^[10]
	4.118	4.644	5.681	^[9]
POC	0.31~0.6	0.17	0.47	^[39]

河流	鄂毕河		叶尼塞河		勒拿河		总输出
时段	1999—2008	2009—2017	1999—2008	2009—2017	1999—2008	2009—2017	1999—2008	2009—2017
DOC_春(Tg/a)	1.34	1.82↑	2.92	2.52↓	2.82	7.36↑	7.09	11.69↑
DOC_夏(Tg/a)	2.17	2.31↑	1.18	1.05↓	2.35	1.92↓	5.70	5.28↓
DOC_冬(Tg/a)	0.61	0.73↑	0.54	0.46↓	0.51	0.39↓	1.65	1.58↓
DOC_总(Tg/a)	4.12	4.86↑	4.64	4.02↓	5.68	9.67↑	14.44	18.55↑
DOC_春/DOC_冬	2.20	2.47↑	5.45	5.49↑	5.56	18.86↑	4.28	7.39↑
DOC_春占比(%)	32.49	37.36↑	62.96	62.59↓	49.69	76.11↑	49.06	63.03↑

西伯利亚北极河流有机碳输出特征及影响要素

Characteristic analysis of organic carbon output and its affecting factors of Arctic rivers in Siberia

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