创新政策环境对外商直接投资区位选择的影响——以珠江三角洲核心区六市为例

doi:10.11821/dlxb202104014

地理学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (4): 992-1005.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202104014

创新政策环境对外商直接投资区位选择的影响——以珠江三角洲核心区六市为例

彭如霞¹(), 夏丽丽¹^,²(), 林剑铬¹

1.华南师范大学地理科学学院,广州 510631
2.华南师范大学粤港澳大湾区村镇可持续发展研究中心,广州 510631

收稿日期:2019-12-18 修回日期:2020-11-30 出版日期:2021-04-25 发布日期:2021-06-25
通讯作者: 夏丽丽(1975-), 女, 安徽寿县人, 博士, 副研究员, 研究方向为产业技术创新与空间演变、创新与区域发展。E-mail: hslily@163.com
夏丽丽(1975-), 女, 安徽寿县人, 博士, 副研究员, 研究方向为产业技术创新与空间演变、创新与区域发展。E-mail: hslily@163.com
夏丽丽(1975-), 女, 安徽寿县人, 博士, 副研究员, 研究方向为产业技术创新与空间演变、创新与区域发展。E-mail: hslily@163.com
作者简介:彭如霞(1995-), 女, 四川眉山人, 硕士生, 研究方向为创新与区域发展。E-mail: 2017022050@m.scnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41001079);广东省软科学项目(2016A070705050)

The impact of innovation policy environment on location choice of foreign direct investment from the perspective of knowledge base: A case study of six cities in the core area of the Pearl River Delta

PENG Ruxia¹(), XIA Lili¹^,²(), LIN Jiange¹

1. School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
2. Center for Sustainable Development of Rural and Town in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Marco Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou 510631, China

Received:2019-12-18 Revised:2020-11-30 Published:2021-04-25 Online:2021-06-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41001079);Soft Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2016A070705050)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

外商直接投资（FDI）企业按知识基础类型可分为解析型、合成型和象征型,从政策工具维度对珠江三角洲核心区六市2007—2016年的创新政策进行文本分析,以创新政策强度和创新政策协同度两个指标量化评估珠三角核心区六市创新政策环境,利用多项式逻辑回归模型识别和检验创新政策环境对异质性知识基础的外商直接投资企业区位选择的影响。结果表明：① 珠三角核心区六市创新政策环境时空分异显著,以2010年为时间节点创新政策强度显著提升而协同度明显降低,创新政策强度与协同度均呈楔形空间结构但二者空间异构明显;② 创新政策强度和创新政策协同度对FDI区位选择皆有显著的正效应,且随着创新政策协同度的提升区域更有可能成为解析型和合成型FDI区位选择的对象;③ 政府态度、企业进入方式和布局区位对FDI区位选择有显著影响,集聚因素中的商务服务水平对FDI区位选择的影响显著为正,而城市人口密度和集聚经济水平的影响显著为负。研究结果对地方政府实施更加本地化的创新政策吸引差异化知识基础的FDI,构建区域竞争优势带来重要启示。

关键词: 创新政策环境, 外商直接投资, 区位选择, 知识基础, 多项式逻辑回归模型, 珠江三角洲核心区

Abstract:

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is divided into analytical, synthetic, and symbolic types according to the knowledge base type. The innovation policy in the core area of the Pearl River Delta in 2007-2016 has been textually analyzed and quantitatively assessed from the policy tools perspective to understand the situation of the innovation policy environment. Based on this, the polynomial logistic regression model was used to investigate the impact of the study area's innovation policy environment on the location choice of FDI with different knowledge-based types. By doing this, results are obtained as follows: (1) The time and space differentiation of the innovation policy environment is obvious. The turning point is found in 2010. After that, the innovation policy intensity significantly increased, while the degree of synergy decreased. The intensity of innovation policy does not match with the degree of synergy, both of which show a wedge-shaped spatial structure, but the spatial heterogeneity of them is obvious. (2) The intensity of the synergy of innovation policy environment has significant positive effects on FDI location selection, while the degree of its impact on the heterogeneous knowledge base of FDI varies. The regional innovation policy environment optimization makes it more likely to be the target of analytic and synthetic FDI location selection. (3) Enterprise entry mode, government attitude and layout area have a significant impact on FDI location selection. The impact of business service levels on FDI location selection is significantly positive, while the impact of urban population density and agglomeration economic level is significantly negative. These bring important inspiration to local governments to implement more localized innovation policies and to attract differentiated knowledge base of FDI to build regional competitive advantage.

Key words: innovation policy environment, foreign direct investment, location selection, knowledge bases, polynomial logistic regression model, core area of the Pearl River Delta

彭如霞, 夏丽丽, 林剑铬. 创新政策环境对外商直接投资区位选择的影响——以珠江三角洲核心区六市为例[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(4): 992-1005.

PENG Ruxia, XIA Lili, LIN Jiange. The impact of innovation policy environment on location choice of foreign direct investment from the perspective of knowledge base: A case study of six cities in the core area of the Pearl River Delta[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(4): 992-1005.

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知识基础类型	解析型知识基础	合成型知识基础	象征型知识基础
知识创造来源	科学	工程	艺术
创新模式	激进式	渐进式	渐进式
依赖知识类型	编撰知识	默会知识	默会知识
知识创造方式	演绎与分析	归纳与总括	思维发散与创意实践
产业类型	医药制造业;仪器仪表及文化办公用器械制造业;通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业	食品制造业;饮料制造业;纺织业;家具制造业;烟草制造业;通用设备制造业	文物业;出版业;文化艺术业;文化娱乐业; 群众文化业;信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业

分值	力度赋值标准	有效性赋值标准
5	市人民代表大会及其常务委员会制定的法律法规	制定了长期和全盘的发展规划
4	市人民政府制定或批准的条例、规定、决定、规划、纲要、规程、计划	完善制度、规划和体系
3	市人民政府颁布的暂行条例、暂行规定、试行措施、配套政策、意见、措施、办法、方案,各部门的条例、规定、决定、规划、纲要、规程、计划	加强相关配套政策和辅助措施建设
2	市各部门暂行条例、暂行规定、试行措施、配套政策、意见、措施、办法、方案,市人民政府颁布的通知	态度上给予支持
1	市各部门颁布的通知	仅提及相关字眼,未给出详细规定和制定措施

年份	创新政策强度值						创新政策协同度值
年份	东莞	广州	深圳	中山	佛山	珠海	东莞	广州	深圳	中山	佛山	珠海
2007	40.74	11.55	52.10	14.99	82.26	1.53	0.61	0.79	0.39	0.60	0.07	0.89
2008	40.06	199.76	78.90	38.44	14.74	3.68	0.63	0.13	0.00	0.09	0.52	0.83
2009	59.70	1.07	104.77	12.23	14.32	0.00	0.41	0.89	0.15	0.65	0.49	0.93
2010	99.54	103.88	16.12	25.30	9.84	0.00	0.08	0.18	0.67	0.47	0.52	0.93
2011	87.66	180.05	219.77	121.13	165.08	67.13	0.40	0.09	0.25	0.31	0.37	0.07
2012	294.45	160.24	98.59	100.14	20.66	196.52	0.06	0.00	0.00	0.23	0.40	0.35
2013	170.64	14.28	161.49	108.81	76.06	83.22	0.04	0.62	0.20	0.24	0.09	0.11
2014	199.26	120.21	59.04	27.72	25.15	66.58	0.00	0.25	0.38	0.50	0.32	0.37
2015	113.82	176.90	56.17	78.41	36.11	20.14	0.00	0.04	0.43	0.28	0.20	0.51
2016	109.47	81.38	39.37	37.53	53.97	72.72	0.37	0.24	0.53	0.32	0.08	0.23
年均值	121.53	104.93	88.63	56.47	49.82	51.15	0.26	0.32	0.30	0.37	0.31	0.52

变量名称及符号	定义
因变量
企业知识基础类型	1=解析型;2=合成型;3=象征型
解释变量
创新政策强度	反映创新政策力度和效力,用创新政策强度值表示
创新政策协同度	供给型、环境型和需求型创新政策两两间的协调程度,用创新政策协同度值表示
区位变量
政府态度	0=限制类;1=允许类;2=鼓励类
企业进入方式	0=独资;1=合资
集聚经济水平	用企业所在地级市规模以上工业企业数自然对数来表示
城市人口密度	以城市人口/城市面积表示
商业服务水平	第三产业就业人员数/全部城镇单位就业人员数
布局区位	按样本进驻的城市进行区分：1=东莞;2=广州;3=深圳;4=中山;5=佛山;6=珠海

影响因素	解析型/象征型		合成型/象征型
影响因素	回归系数	OR值	回归系数	OR值
截距	-1.114	-	-0.276	-
创新政策强度(x₁)	0.008^***	1.008	0.008^***	1.008
创新政策协同度(x₂)	1.749^***	5.750	1.518^***	4.563
[政府态度=0]	0.328^**	1.388	0.560^***	1.752
[政府态度=1]	0.266^***	1.304	0.611^***	1.842
[政府态度=2]	-	-	-	-
[进入方式=0]	-0.155^*	0.857	0.133^*	1.142
[进入方式=1]	-	-	-	-
集聚经济水平(x₅)	-0.355^***	0.701	-0.464^***	0.629
城市人口密度(x₃)	-0.00026^***	1.000	-0.00032^***	1.000
商业服务水平(x₄)	0.036^***	1.037	0.037^***	1.038
[地级市=1]	3.098^***	22.152	3.224^***	25.136
[地级市=2]	-0.833^***	0.435	-0.505^***	0.604
[地级市=3]	0.575^***	1.778	1.034^***	2.812
[地级市=4]	2.472^***	11.849	3.617^***	37.217
[地级市=5]	2.493^***	12.092	4.081^***	59.182
[地级市=6]	-	-	-	-

创新政策环境对外商直接投资区位选择的影响——以珠江三角洲核心区六市为例

The impact of innovation policy environment on location choice of foreign direct investment from the perspective of knowledge base: A case study of six cities in the core area of the Pearl River Delta

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