地理学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (4): 973-991.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202104013
收稿日期:
2020-03-01
修回日期:
2020-12-18
出版日期:
2021-04-25
发布日期:
2021-06-25
作者简介:
王少剑(1986-), 男, 河南驻马店人, 博士, 副教授, 博士生导师, 中国地理学会会员(S110011019M), 研究方向为城市地理、城市与区域规划。E-mail: 1987wangshaojian@163.com
基金资助:
WANG Shaojian(), CUI Zitian, LIN Jingjie, XIE Jinyan, SU Kun
Received:
2020-03-01
Revised:
2020-12-18
Published:
2021-04-25
Online:
2021-06-25
Supported by:
摘要:
城市韧性是新兴的研究话题,其实质为城市面对不确定性扰动的抵抗、恢复及适应能力。本文构建“规模—密度—形态”三维城市生态韧性评价体系,借鉴物理学耦合模型测算2000—2015年珠三角城市城镇化与生态韧性的耦合协调度,并对其时空变化特征进行深入探讨。结果表明:2000—2015年珠三角各市的城镇化水平总体不断提升,生态韧性水平持续降低,两者耦合协调度总体由基本协调向基本失调下滑。在空间分布上,珠三角地区城镇化与生态韧性的耦合协调度呈现出以珠江入海口城市为中心、向外围递增的圈层式格局。从生态韧性子系统对城镇化与生态韧性耦合协调的作用来看,规模韧性主要起反向阻滞作用;形态韧性的协调影响力主要为正向,且随时间推移不断增强;密度韧性的正向协调影响力持续下降,且在低于零值后负向增长。以新型城镇化引领区域协调发展,并通过严守三区三线、适应生态承载力、合理布局城市绿地等方法提高生态韧性,是未来珠三角实现城镇化与生态韧性协调可持续发展的主要路径。
王少剑, 崔子恬, 林靖杰, 谢金燕, 苏坤. 珠三角地区城镇化与生态韧性的耦合协调研究[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(4): 973-991.
WANG Shaojian, CUI Zitian, LIN Jingjie, XIE Jinyan, SU Kun. Coupling relationship between urbanization and ecological resilience in the Pearl River Delta[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(4): 973-991.
表4
城镇化与生态韧性的耦合协调类型划分
类型 | 耦合协调度 | 亚类型 | U1与U2相对大小 |
---|---|---|---|
高级协调 | 0.8 < D ≤ 1 | 高级协调—城镇化滞后 | U2-U1 > 0.1 |
高级协调—生态韧性滞后 | U1-U2 > 0.1 | ||
高级协调 | 0 ≤ |U1-U2 | ≤ 0.1 | ||
基本协调 | 0.5 < D ≤ 0.8 | 基本协调—城镇化滞后 | U2-U1 > 0.1 |
基本协调—生态韧性滞后 | U1-U2 > 0.1 | ||
基本协调 | 0 ≤ |U1-U2| ≤ 0.1 | ||
基本失调 | 0.3 < D ≤ 0.5 | 基本失调—城镇化受阻 | U2-U1 > 0.1 |
基本失调—生态韧性受阻 | U1-U2 > 0.1 | ||
基本失调 | 0 ≤ |U1-U2| ≤ 0.1 | ||
严重失调 | 0 < D ≤ 0.3 | 严重失调—城镇化受阻 | U2-U1 > 0.1 |
严重失调—生态韧性受阻 | U1-U2 > 0.1 | ||
严重失调 | 0 ≤ |U1-U2| ≤ 0.1 |
表5
2000—2015年珠三角各城市规模韧性指数
城市 | 已开发建设用地面积(km2) | 适宜建设用地面积(km2) | 规模韧性 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | 2000年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | ||
广州 | 708.054 | 1183.540 | 1257.113 | 4417.095 | 6.238 | 3.732 | 3.514 |
深圳 | 493.923 | 746.907 | 772.350 | 1346.315 | 2.726 | 1.803 | 1.743 |
珠海 | 127.323 | 183.679 | 193.981 | 1129.710 | 8.873 | 6.150 | 5.824 |
佛山 | 491.504 | 967.901 | 1046.979 | 2483.358 | 5.053 | 2.566 | 2.372 |
江门 | 458.461 | 595.465 | 665.087 | 6248.908 | 13.630 | 10.494 | 9.396 |
肇庆 | 249.645 | 331.106 | 358.134 | 7838.219 | 31.397 | 23.673 | 21.886 |
惠州 | 359.835 | 597.613 | 645.415 | 5928.079 | 16.474 | 9.920 | 9.185 |
东莞 | 553.752 | 1041.234 | 1079.704 | 1892.422 | 3.417 | 1.817 | 1.753 |
中山 | 185.572 | 423.043 | 445.965 | 1242.172 | 6.694 | 2.936 | 2.785 |
珠三角平均 | 3628.070 | 6070.488 | 6464.728 | 32526.277 | 8.965 | 5.358 | 5.031 |
表6
2000—2015年珠三角各城市密度韧性指数
城市 | 生态足迹(万hm2) | 生态承载力(万hm2) | 密度韧性指数 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | 2000年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | 2000年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | |||
广州 | 828.335 | 1600.175 | 1830.351 | 187.383 | 204.888 | 211.433 | 0.226 | 0.128 | 0.116 | ||
深圳 | 583.898 | 1305.864 | 1542.616 | 85.245 | 114.950 | 124.777 | 0.146 | 0.088 | 0.081 | ||
珠海 | 102.959 | 196.610 | 221.536 | 26.824 | 27.562 | 28.101 | 0.261 | 0.140 | 0.127 | ||
佛山 | 444.685 | 906.387 | 1007.370 | 105.719 | 117.128 | 117.789 | 0.238 | 0.129 | 0.117 | ||
江门 | 329.102 | 560.368 | 612.711 | 149.367 | 151.862 | 151.554 | 0.454 | 0.271 | 0.247 | ||
肇庆 | 281.183 | 493.816 | 550.362 | 179.090 | 181.967 | 183.276 | 0.637 | 0.368 | 0.333 | ||
惠州 | 267.951 | 579.291 | 644.706 | 156.574 | 165.470 | 166.350 | 0.584 | 0.286 | 0.258 | ||
东莞 | 536.935 | 1035.526 | 1119.012 | 90.103 | 98.743 | 98.375 | 0.168 | 0.095 | 0.088 | ||
中山 | 196.900 | 393.157 | 435.127 | 47.506 | 50.535 | 50.971 | 0.241 | 0.129 | 0.117 | ||
珠三角平均 | 3571.948 | 7071.194 | 7963.791 | 1027.811 | 1113.105 | 1132.627 | 0.288 | 0.157 | 0.142 |
表7
2000—2015年珠三角各城市形态韧性指数
城市 | “源—汇”景观平均距离指数 | 形态韧性指数 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | 2000年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | ||
广州 | 304.297 | 315.923 | 315.239 | 0.815 | 0.785 | 0.786 | |
深圳 | 560.833 | 562.260 | 569.518 | 0.442 | 0.441 | 0.435 | |
珠海 | 235.261 | 249.900 | 246.287 | 1.054 | 0.992 | 1.006 | |
佛山 | 212.443 | 316.319 | 314.872 | 1.167 | 0.784 | 0.787 | |
江门 | 122.806 | 136.230 | 140.238 | 2.019 | 1.820 | 1.768 | |
肇庆 | 98.173 | 119.432 | 118.569 | 2.525 | 2.076 | 2.091 | |
惠州 | 131.281 | 148.569 | 147.647 | 1.888 | 1.668 | 1.679 | |
东莞 | 180.442 | 294.512 | 297.585 | 1.374 | 0.842 | 0.833 | |
中山 | 239.535 | 307.397 | 310.544 | 1.035 | 0.806 | 0.798 | |
珠三角平均 | 247.884 | 295.297 | 294.746 | 1.000 | 0.839 | 0.841 |
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