冀南平原典型农业村落转型特征及成长机制

doi:10.11821/dlxb202104011

地理学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (4): 939-954.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202104011

冀南平原典型农业村落转型特征及成长机制

李智¹^,²(), 刘劲松¹^,²()

1.河北师范大学资源与环境科学学院,石家庄 050024
2.河北省环境变化遥感识别技术创新中心,石家庄 050024

收稿日期:2020-02-10 修回日期:2020-12-12 出版日期:2021-04-25 发布日期:2021-06-25
通讯作者: 刘劲松(1970-), 男, 辽宁凌源人, 博士, 教授, 长期从事人口地理研究工作。E-mail: ljslyx@sohu.com
作者简介:李智(1989-), 男, 河北邢台人, 博士, 讲师, 研究方向为乡村地理与城乡发展。E-mail: lizhi08@hebtu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41671138);国家自然科学基金项目(41571164);教育部人文社科基金项目(20YJCZH069);河北省自然科学基金项目(D2020205001);河北省高等学校人文社会科学研究项目(SQ201140)

Transformation characteristics and development mechanism of typical agricultural settlement in Southern Hebei Plain since reform and opening-up

LI Zhi¹^,²(), LIU Jinsong¹^,²()

1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
2. Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Remote Sensing Identification of Environmental Change, Shijiazhuang 050024, China

Received:2020-02-10 Revised:2020-12-12 Published:2021-04-25 Online:2021-06-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41671138);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41571164);Humanities and Social Sciences Financed by Ministry of Education(20YJCZH069);Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation(D2020205001);Universities' Humanities and Social Science Research Program of Hebei Province of China(SQ201140)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

科学认识1978年改革开放以来农业村落转型过程和规律,是落实新时代乡村振兴战略的关键环节。本文以河北省邢台市宁晋县历城村为例,通过田野调查,从聚落空间、经济形态、社会生活三个维度,探讨了1978年改革开放以来冀南平原农业村落转型特征与成长机制。研究表明：① 农业村落建设用地规模显著增加,住宅用地不断扩展,工业用地沿村落边缘扩张,聚落空间转型经历了缓慢发展、快速扩张、加速重构三个阶段;② 农业机械化率和农产品商品化率不断提高,农户非农收入占比逐渐增加,农户生产和消费的社会化趋势显著,村落经济形态转型经历了生计农业、农户兼业化、农户非农化与兼业化三个阶段;③ 村落社会网络不断开放,村民社会生活不断重构,村落社会生活转型经历了传统村落共同体、职住空间分离、聚居关系重塑三个阶段;④ 自然禀赋、行为主体（村委会、农户、企业）、城乡互动、政策环境分别是农业村落转型的基础性约束力、内部推力、外部拉力、方向调控力,它们相互作用,共同促进了农业村落的转型成长。研究提出了新型“村镇共同体”理念,为落实乡村振兴发展战略、破解中国农业村落转型发展困境,提供了理论参考。

关键词: 农业村落, 转型特征, 成长机制, 村镇共同体, 冀南平原, 改革开放

Abstract:

The scientific understanding of the transformation process and rules of agricultural settlement since the reform and opening-up after 1978 is very important to revitalizing and improving the agricultural economy and living condition. In this paper, we take a small village, Licheng, Ningjin County of Hebei Province as an example to explore the transformation process and development mechanism of agricultural settlement from settlement space, economic situation and social life since the reform and opening-up. In this case, some conclusions can be drawn as follows. (1) The total space of construction area increased significantly, with the gradual enlargement of residential space and the expansion of industrial land along the edge of the old village. Three stages have been identified, namely, slow development, rapid expansion, and high speed reconstruction. (2) With the continuous improvement of agricultural mechanization and farm products commercialization, the proportion of non-agricultural income increased gradually, indicating more and more commercial production and consumption in farmers' daily life. The transformation of village economic situation also has gone through three stages: agricultural livelihood stage, part-time agricultural and part-time non-agricultural livelihood stage, non-agricultural and part-time agricultural livelihood stage. (3) Due to the enlargement and reconstruction of social relation between villagers, the transformation of villagers' social life went through three stages: traditional rural life stage, separation of occupation and residence stage, and partly empty-nest elderly and partly empty-nest stage. (4) Natural endowment, behavior representatives (village committees, peasant households, and enterprises), urban-rural interaction, and policy environment respectively play roles of basic binding force, internal pushing force, external pulling force, and space-economy-society regulating force in the transformation of agricultural villages, which interact and jointly promote the transformation and development of agricultural settlements. A new concept of town and village co-community was proposed. It will provide a theoretical reference for implementing the strategy of rural revitalization and solving the dilemma of agricultural settlement transformation in China.

Key words: agricultural village, transformation characteristic, development mechanism, town and village co-community, Southern Hebei Plain, reform and opening-up

李智, 刘劲松. 冀南平原典型农业村落转型特征及成长机制[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(4): 939-954.

LI Zhi, LIU Jinsong. Transformation characteristics and development mechanism of typical agricultural settlement in Southern Hebei Plain since reform and opening-up[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(4): 939-954.

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年份	建设用地总规模(hm²)	住宅用地总规模(hm²)	工业用地总规模(hm²)	户籍/常住人口(人)	户籍/常住人均住宅用地(m²/人)
1978	2.47	2.24	0	302/302	74.01/74.01
1985	3.36	3.15	0	369/365	85.38/86.31
1995	4.90	4.68	0	462/460	101.46/101.90
2005	7.23	5.67	1.36	517/470	109.74/120.71
2018	10.04	6.97	2.89	599/401	116.44/173.73

年份	耕地总面积	农业种植用地结构
1978	59.47	冬春季：小麦(51.47)、蔬菜(3.33)、棉花(4.67) 夏秋季：玉米(48.80)、谷子(2.67)、蔬菜(3.33)、棉花(4.67)
1985	59.47	冬春季：小麦(34.14)、蔬菜(2.00)、花生(3.33)、棉花梨树兼作(20.00) 夏秋季：玉米(30.14)、谷子(4.00)、花生(3.33)、蔬菜(2.00)、棉花梨树兼作(20.00)
1995	59.47	冬春季：小麦(36.13)、花生(3.34)、棉花(10.67)、梨树(9.33) 夏秋季：玉米(34.80)、谷子(1.33)、花生(3.34)、棉花(10.67)、梨树(9.33)
2005	49.47^*	冬春季：小麦(42.13)、花生(3.34)、棉花(4.00) 夏秋季：玉米(42.13)、花生(3.34)、棉花(4.00)
2018	49.47^*	冬春季：小麦(48.80),闲置(0.67) 夏秋季：玉米(48.80),闲置(0.67)

类别	农业投入和产出平均状况(元/hm²)
投入	种子(小麦1125+玉米450=1575)、化肥(4500)、农药(小麦3次×300+玉米2次×300=1500)、机械灌溉(小麦3次×675+玉米1次×675=2700)、机械翻地(1350)、机械种植(小麦300+玉米300=600)、机械收割(小麦900+玉米900=1800),合计：14025(劳动力成本不计)
收入	小麦17250+玉米15000=32250
利润	18225

项目		1978年	1985年	1995年	2005年	2018年
日常生活必需品消费(共性消费）	水费	0	0	0	0	130
	电费	-	40	150	250	1200
	燃料费	60	350	1100	1700	2300
	油肉蛋奶蔬等消费额^*	170(农户自给率95%)	390(农户自给率90%)	1830(农户自给率38%)	3860(农户自给率5%)	9850(农户自给率2%)
小计1		230	780	3080	5810	13480
生活必需品消费(半共性消费)	服装鞋包等	70	240	800	2000	3860
	网络电话	0	0	0	650	840
	交通消费	0	20	130	360	730(若拥有汽车,费用4350)
小计2		70	260	930	3010	5430

职业	1978年	1985年	1995年	2005年	2018年
全职农民	175	144	167	94	32
兼业农民	0	24	103	135	147
在本地打工的非农村民(住村)	0	9	21	91	160
在外地打工的非农村民(居外)	2	7	15	55	59
其他成年村民(村干部,大学生,残疾、重病等失能人员)	16	19	27	30	42
合计	193	203	333	405	440

冀南平原典型农业村落转型特征及成长机制

Transformation characteristics and development mechanism of typical agricultural settlement in Southern Hebei Plain since reform and opening-up

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转型阶段	动力因素
转型阶段	自然禀赋	行为主体	城乡互动	政策环境
缓慢发育阶段	++	--	--	++
快速成长阶段	+	++	++	+
加速重构阶段	--	++	+	++

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