中国沿海地区高质量发展的路径

doi:10.11821/dlxb202102003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高质量发展是跨越中等收入陷阱、跻身发达经济体的关键举措。随着改革开放的深入,沿海地区正日益成为经济增长的压舱石、国家制造业中心、打造创新型国家的前沿地带、开放型经济建设的排头兵、绿色发展的示范窗口,具备高质量发展的典型特征,将有效带动内陆地区步入高质量发展的正轨,形成对整个国家高质量发展的有力支撑,塑造区域协调发展新格局。结合沿海地区高质量发展的现状与特征,本文从经济增长、产业实力、创新能力、对外开放、绿色发展五方面入手,重点探究沿海地区整体以及沿海北部、中部、南部地区在高质量发展进程中的突出问题,分析其背后的现实原因,为设计具有针对性的高质量发展路径提供价值参考。新时代背景下,沿海地区高质量发展需把握京津冀协同发展、长三角一体化、粤港澳大湾区建设的历史性机遇,产业升级战略、自主创新战略、对外开放战略、生态文明战略并济,遵循提升产业核心竞争力、激发创新活力、发展高水平开放型经济、深化生态文明建设等路径,协同推进沿海北部、中部、南部地区高质量发展,巩固沿海地区的引领地位。

关键词: 高质量发展, 沿海地区, 突出问题, 路径构想

Abstract:

High-quality development is the key measure to overcome the middle-income trap and join the advanced economy. With the deepening of reform and opening up, coastal areas have increasingly become the ballast of the economic growth, the center of national manufacturing, the frontier zone for building an innovative country, the pacesetter for constructing an open economy, and the demonstration window for green development. With typical characteristics of high-quality development, coastal areas will effectively drive the hinterland areas to the right track of high-quality development in order to form a strong support for the country's high-quality development, shaping a new pattern of coordinated regional development. According to the status quo and characteristics of high-quality development in coastal areas, this paper focuses on exploring outstanding problems of coastal areas as a whole and the northern, central and southern coastal areas in the process of high-quality development from five aspects of economic growth, industrial strength, innovation ability, opening up and green development. By analyzing realistic reasons for these problems, valuable references for the design of targeted high-quality development paths are designed. In the new era, coastal areas should grasp the historical opportunity of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development, Yangtze river delta integration, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area construction, follow to improve industry core competitiveness, mobilize the vitality of innovation, build high-standard open economy, deepen ecological conservation by combining strategies of industrial upgrading, independent innovation, opening up and ecological civilization. By the method of working in concert to promote high-quality development in the northern, central and southern coastal areas, the leading role of coastal areas can be consolidated.

Key words: high-quality development, coastal areas, highlight problem, path design

孙久文, 蒋治. 中国沿海地区高质量发展的路径[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(2): 277-294.

SUN Jiuwen, JIANG Zhi. Paths of high-quality development in China's coastal areas[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(2): 277-294.

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类型	指标	地区	2000	2005	2010	2015	2016	2017
废水	单位产出废水排放量 (t/万元)	沿海地区	38.56	24.95	13.96	9.76	8.79	7.80
废水	单位产出废水排放量 (t/万元)	内陆地区	48.77	28.53	14.36	10.75	9.56	8.89
废气	单位产出SO₂排放量 (t/亿元)	沿海地区	缺数据	87.29	33.16	16.43	9.34	6.18
	单位产出SO₂排放量 (t/亿元)	内陆地区	缺数据	193.04	74.74	38.51	20.71	16.02
	单位产出烟粉尘排放量(t/亿元)	沿海地区	148.42	59.29	17.46	14.29	9.82	6.63
	单位产出烟粉尘排放量(t/亿元)	内陆地区	325.58	178.38	46.55	30.89	17.24	13.19
废渣	单位产出固体废弃物产生量(t/亿元)	沿海地区	5797.26	4779.47	3972.08	2984.29	2564.73	2513.41
废渣	单位产出固体废弃物产生量(t/亿元)	内陆地区	12195.35	9899.05	7777.19	6644.47	5878.95	5834.07

类别	指标	地区	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
引进来	外商投资总额 (亿美元)	沿海北部	6609	7187	8050	10619	11999	14571	16697
		沿海中部	12566	13647	15115	17352	19340	21375	23867
		沿海南部	6826	7280	8006	9147	11276	21552	23577
走出去	对外投资总额 (亿美元)	沿海北部	310.03	436.27	712.11	940.91	1436.46	1605.26	缺数据
		沿海中部	303.32	399.95	564.68	1033.41	1516.83	2507.16	缺数据
		沿海南部	161.65	205.43	249.35	340.45	496.35	627.09	缺数据
	对外承包工程营业额(亿美元)	沿海北部	188.25	217.07	233.10	245.20	240.77	252.10	256.35
		沿海中部	169.92	197.48	205.32	224.03	224.40	266.01	232.53
		沿海南部	174.56	243.48	140.05	217.44	199.62	199.17	193.75

类型	指标	地区	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017
废水	单位产出废水排放量 (t/万元)	沿海北部	9.43	8.74	8.59	8.54	7.73	6.88
		沿海中部	11.37	10.36	9.63	9.26	8.30	7.38
		沿海南部	14.87	13.56	12.83	11.97	10.70	9.40
废气	单位产出SO₂排放量 (t/亿元)	沿海北部	33.79	29.36	26.29	23.97	15.28	10.23
		沿海中部	16.95	14.67	12.94	11.18	5.97	3.68
		沿海南部	18.44	15.96	14.28	12.32	5.76	4.16
	单位产出烟粉尘排放量(t/亿元)	沿海北部	21.24	19.48	27.98	23.65	17.43	11.30
		沿海中部	7.20	7.55	9.98	8.00	4.80	3.51
		沿海南部	9.68	9.03	11.20	8.93	6.08	4.56
废渣	单位产出固体废弃物产生量(t/亿元)	沿海北部	7119.26	6260.41	5988.97	5580.32	4863.69	4882.59
		沿海中部	1550.40	1442.24	1349.95	1234.74	1151.12	1076.73
		沿海南部	2378.01	2210.20	1715.88	1505.81	1312.32	1293.70