大兴安岭多年冻土区森林土壤温室气体通量

doi:10.11821/dlxb202011004

地理学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 75 ›› Issue (11): 2319-2331.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202011004

大兴安岭多年冻土区森林土壤温室气体通量

吴祥文(), 臧淑英(), 马大龙, 任建华, 李昊, 赵光影

哈尔滨师范大学寒区地理环境监测与空间信息服务黑龙江省重点实验室,哈尔滨 150025

收稿日期:2019-01-16 修回日期:2020-09-04 出版日期:2020-11-25 发布日期:2021-01-25
作者简介:吴祥文(1991-), 男, 江苏连云港人, 博士生, 主要从事寒区冻土与气候变化研究。E-mail: hsdwxw@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41971151);国家自然科学基金项目(41501065);国家自然科学基金项目(41601382);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(TD2019D002);哈尔滨师范大学博士研究生创新基金项目(HSDBSCX2019-02)

Greenhouse gas fluxes from forest soil in permafrost regions of Greater Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China

WU Xiangwen(), ZANG Shuying(), MA Dalong, REN Jianhua, LI Hao, ZHAO Guangying

Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China

Received:2019-01-16 Revised:2020-09-04 Published:2020-11-25 Online:2021-01-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971151);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41501065);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41601382);Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(TD2019D002);Doctoral Innovation Foundation of Harbin Normal University(HSDBSCX2019-02)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多年冻土温室气体排放对全球气候变化有重要影响。采用静态暗箱—气相色谱法,于2016—2017年生长季（5—9月）,对大兴安岭多年冻土区兴安落叶松林、樟子松林和白桦林土壤二氧化碳（CO₂）、甲烷（CH₄）和氧化亚氮（N₂O）通量进行野外原位观测,对比分析温室气体通量的动态变化特征及其关键影响因子。结果表明：3种林型土壤CO₂通量范围为65.88~883.59 mg·m^-2·h^-1;CH₄通量范围为-93.29~-2.82 μg·m^-2·h^-1;N₂O通量范围为-5.31~45.22 μg·m^-2·h^-1。整个生长季兴安落叶松林、樟子松林和白桦林土壤均表现为CO₂、N₂O的排放源、CH₄的吸收汇,土壤CO₂和CH₄通量在不同林型和年际间差异显著。3种林型土壤CO₂通量与5 cm、10 cm和15 cm土壤温度呈极显著正相关（P < 0.01）;CH₄通量受土壤含水量和10 cm、15 cm土壤温度的影响较大（P < 0.05）;兴安落叶松林和樟子松林土壤N₂O通量与气温呈显著正相关（P < 0.05）,而白桦林土壤N₂O则与15 cm土壤温度呈显著负相关（P < 0.05）。基于100 a时间尺度计算温室气体全球综合增温潜势,3种林型土壤温室气体的排放对气候变暖具有正反馈作用。

关键词: 温室气体, 多年冻土, 森林土壤, 全球增温潜势, 大兴安岭

Abstract:

Greenhouse gases from permafrost have a significant impact on global climate change. The in situ static dark chamber and gas chromatography techniques were used to monitor the fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous dioxide (N₂O) from the typical forest soils of Larix gmelini, Pinus sylvestris, and Betula platyphylla in the permafrost regions of the Greater Hinggan Mountains. The experiment was conducted during the growing season (May to September) of 2016 and 2017. The dynamic characteristics of greenhouse gas fluxes and the controlling factors were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that soil CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O fluxes of the three forest types were 65.88-883.59 mg·m^-2·h^-1, -93.29--2.82 μg·m^-2·h^-1, and -5.31-45.22 μg·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. The soils from the three typical forests were all sources for CO₂ and N₂O, and sink for CH₄ during the entire observation period. Soil CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes changed significantly among different forest types and between the two observation periods. The soil CO₂ fluxes of the three forest types were mainly controlled by soil temperature and were found to have a significantly positive correlation with the soil temperature at 5, 10, and 15 cm (P < 0.01). The soil CH₄ fluxes were affected by soil water content and soil temperature. The correlations were significant in the soils at 10 and 15 cm (P < 0.05). Moreover, the air temperature controlled and regulated soil N₂O fluxes. The soil N₂O fluxes in the Betula platyphylla forest showed a significantly negative correlation with the soil temperature at 15 cm (P < 0.05). The emission rate of soil CO₂ and N₂O accelerated with increasing temperature, while the absorption rate of CH₄ decreased, enhancing the atmospheric greenhouse effect. The global warming potential of greenhouse gases was calculated based on the 100-year time scale, where the soil greenhouse gases of the three forest types exhibited a positive feedback on climate warming.

Key words: greenhouse gas, permafrost, forest soils, global warming potential, Greater Hinggan Mountains

吴祥文, 臧淑英, 马大龙, 任建华, 李昊, 赵光影. 大兴安岭多年冻土区森林土壤温室气体通量[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(11): 2319-2331.

WU Xiangwen, ZANG Shuying, MA Dalong, REN Jianhua, LI Hao, ZHAO Guangying. Greenhouse gas fluxes from forest soil in permafrost regions of Greater Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(11): 2319-2331.

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林型	年份	pH	容重 (g·cm^-3)	硝态氮 (mg·kg^-1)	铵态氮 (mg·kg^-1)	有机碳 (g·kg^-1)	全氮 (g·kg^-1)
兴安落叶松林	2016	5.50±0.11Aa	1.01±0.08Aa	2.65±1.01Aa	5.31±0.75Ba	47.47±1.77Aa	3.78±0.63Aa
兴安落叶松林	2017	5.79±0.12Aa	1.00±0.09Aa	1.09±0.31Ab	3.23±0.50Bb	51.38±1.54Aa	2.66±0.49Aa
樟子松林	2016	5.58±0.13Aa	1.04±0.05Aa	2.10±0.34Aa	6.10±1.07Ba	42.77±1.83Aa	3.60±0.03Aa
樟子松林	2017	5.52±0.16Aa	1.05±0.07Aa	1.10±0.46Aa	4.27±0.63Bb	46.69±1.65Aa	2.27±0.18Aa
白桦林	2016	4.70±0.09Ba	0.72±0.04Ba	2.94±0.89Aa	9.07±1.64Aa	44.28±2.05Aa	4.49±0.67Aa
白桦林	2017	4.58±0.10Ba	0.69±0.05Ba	1.60±0.49Ab	6.80±1.34Ab	46.26±1.46Aa	2.47±0.22Ab

林型	年份	CO₂通量 (mg·m^-2·h^-1)	CH₄通量 (μg·m^-2·h^-1)	N₂O通量 (μg·m^-2·h^-1)
兴安落叶松林	2016	329.96±25.46Aa	-33.84±5.43Ba	14.23±2.92Aa
兴安落叶松林	2017	361.53±24.78Aa	-23.38±3.66Bb	15.19±2.24Aa
樟子松林	2016	345.09±27.35Ab	-37.99±4.78Ba	15.98±3.08Aa
樟子松林	2017	402.75±23.93Aa	-27.63±5.87Ab	18.11±3.36Aa
白桦林	2016	299.19±21.47Aa	-47.84±5.44Aa	13.54±2.75Aa
白桦林	2017	315.59±22.19Ba	-33.55±5.85Ab	13.80±2.79Aa

月份	平均气温(°C)		降水量(mm)		日降水量> 0.1 mm天数(d)		占年降水量比例(%)
月份	2016年	2017年	2016年	2017年	2016年	2017年	2016年	2017年
5	9.7	9.0	39.8	56.5	7	17	78.82	91.95
6	14.0	16.8	113.4	18.8	15	8
7	18.1	18.7	119.5	94.2	17	17
8	14.4	16.2	58.2	182.6	16	24
9	10.4	8.3	37.5	32.6	15	10

林型	年份	温室气体	土壤含水量	气温	土壤温度
林型	年份	温室气体	土壤含水量	气温	5 cm	10 cm	15 cm
兴安落叶松林	2016	CO₂	-0.409	0.425	0.849^**	0.874^**	0.815^**
		CH₄	0.254	-0.199	-0.311	-0.358	-0.243
		N₂O	-0.015	0.551^**	0.275	0.116	-0.230
	2017	CO₂	-0.057	0.527^*	0.862^**	0.877^**	0.855^**
		CH₄	0.364	-0.577^**	-0.581^*	-0.569^**	-0.470^*
		N₂O	-0.142	0.570^**	0.332	0.267	0.139
樟子松林	2016	CO₂	-0.017	0.251	0.813^**	0.827^**	0.800^**
		CH₄	0.194	-0.324	-0.402	-0.398	-0.385
		N₂O	-0.131	0.403	0.021	-0.066	-0.175
	2017	CO₂	-0.099	0.418	0.891^**	0.890^**	0.787^**
		CH₄	0.599^*	-0.446^*	-0.287	-0.261	-0.317
		N₂O	0.020	0.531^*	0.223	0.148	-0.009
白桦林	2016	CO₂	-0.413	0.163	0.856^**	0.855^**	0.827^**
		CH₄	0.425	-0.297	-0.658^*	-0.592^**	-0.477^*
		N₂O	0.068	0.423	-0.281	-0.352	-0.411
	2017	CO₂	-0.382	0.365	0.828^**	0.839^**	0.780^**
		CH₄	0.556^*	-0.550^*	-0.644^**	-0.617^**	-0.540^*
		N₂O	0.259	0.207	-0.294	-0.348	-0.511^*

林型	CO₂		CH₄		N₂O		综合增温潜势
林型	2016年	2017年	2016年	2017年	2016年	2017年	2016年	2017年
兴安落叶松林	11.767	13.089	-0.030	-0.022	0.157	0.168	11.894	13.235
樟子松林	12.464	14.577	-0.034	-0.025	0.175	0.201	12.605	14.753
白桦林	10.687	11.303	-0.043	-0.031	0.150	0.153	10.794	11.425

大兴安岭多年冻土区森林土壤温室气体通量

Greenhouse gas fluxes from forest soil in permafrost regions of Greater Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China

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冻土类型	样地纬度	植被类型	CO₂通量(mg·m^-2·h^-1)	CH₄通量(μg·m^-2·h^-1)	N₂O通量 (μg·m^-2·h^-1)	数据来源文献
多年冻土	亚北极67°03′N	苔原	152.01	5.00	19.17	[39]
	阿拉斯加65°10′N	黑云杉	90.00±42.00	-52.00±15.00	0.20±0.30	[40]
	东西伯利亚62°09′N	泰加林	367.02		1.33	[41]
	大兴安岭52°94′N	泥炭地			2.27	[24]
	巴音布鲁克42°53′N	高寒草甸	76.70±23.10	-54.20±6.90	20.40±4.20	[42]
	海北州37°37′N	高寒草甸			4.80	[43]
季节冻土	德国48°17′N	挪威云杉		-14.20±1.30		[44]
	伊春48°11′N	落叶松沼泽	537.40		15.33	[29]
	奥地利47°42′N	山毛榉林	128.00±13.00	-40.00±2.30	5.72±1.38	[32]
	长白山42°24′N	针阔混交林	172.40±43.88	-15.00±30.00	70.00±10.00	[45]
	北京东灵山40°01′N	油松	182.00	-79.00	50.00	[19]
	神农架31°36′N	马尾松	107.03±12.11	-14.10±3.38		[14]

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