日本德川幕府时期的地缘环境分析——兼论国别地缘环境分析框架

doi:10.11821/dlxb202010002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自“地缘政治”一词创立以来,西方地缘政治学已经历了120年的发展,期间诞生了众多理论流派,然而其影响却在日渐衰落。这在一定程度上源于其发展思路以及由此导致对现实研究不足所致。中国地缘政治研究起步较晚,长期以借鉴西方地缘政治理论为主,直到2010年掀起以“地缘环境”研究为主题的复兴议程。地缘环境研究将地理知识和政治融入地缘政治分析过程中,这一研究方向与思路不仅有助于地缘政治研究的变革与创新,还有助于推进“一带一路”倡议和人类命运共同体建设,具有重要理论与现实意义。本文基于前期对有关地缘环境概念、构成、结构、模拟等内容的研究进展,提出了国别地缘环境研究思路、跨学科融合路径和分析框架,并以德川幕府时期的日本为例,展现了跨学科融合研究视角下日本受国内外多要素、长时间、多尺度综合作用所导致的地缘环境演变,对其中涉及到的日本对内、对外的政策制定与变化也从其面临的地缘环境视角进行了解读。最后为深化对当前国别地缘环境研究提出了三条建议。

关键词: 古典地缘政治, 批判地缘政治, 地缘环境, 日本, 德川幕府, 一带一路

Abstract:

Although many theoretical schools have been developed and thrived in the field of "geopolitics" in Western academia over the past 120 years, the influence of geopolitical research has been declining partly due to the lack of concern for realistic issues, which is embedded in its traditional research agenda. In China, geopolitical studies have mostly followed the Western approach until 2010 when a new "geo-setting" research agenda was launched. This geo-setting research agenda incorporates geographic knowledge and politics into the process of geopolitical analysis, which has demonstrated both theoretical and practical significance because it not only brings reform and innovation to geopolitical studies but also contributes to the promotion of the Belt and Road Initiative and the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind. This paper proposes a research approach and an analytical framework for nationa-state based and integrated interdisciplinary geo-setting studies, according to previous academic findings on geo-setting, including conceptualization, leading elements, structure, and simulation. This framework is illustrated by a case study of Japanese geo-setting during the period of Tokugawa Bakufu. From an integrated interdisciplinary perspective, this paper unveils how the Japanese geo-setting had evolved under the combined effects of both domestic and international factors at multiple scales. It also sheds light on Japan's domestic and external policy formulation and changes during the period of Tokugawa Bakufu. Finally, three suggestions are put forward to strengthen the current nation-state based geo-setting research: (1) to continue to apply the interdisciplinary approach; (2) to highlight an integrated approach featured by multi-factor, multi-scale and long-term analysis; and (3) to pay consistent attention to long-term dynamic simulation.

Key words: classical geopolitics, critical geopolitics, geo-setting, Japan, Tokugawa Bakufu, Belt and Road Initiative

胡志丁, 杜德斌. 日本德川幕府时期的地缘环境分析——兼论国别地缘环境分析框架[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(10): 2047-2060.

HU Zhiding, DU Debin. An investigation of Japanese geo-setting during the period of Tokugawa Bakufu: A tentative examination of the analytical framework for geo-setting research[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(10): 2047-2060.

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时期	石数(万石)	实收石数(万石)	人口(万人)	耕地(万町)
1600年前后	1851	1937	1500	207
1650年前后	2313	2313	1750	-
1700年前后	2580	3063	3128	-
1750年前后	2970	-	3101	297
1830年前后	3043	3976	3248	-
1870年前后	3220	4681	3481	323