重庆市乡村生产空间系统脆弱性时空分异与差异化调控

doi:10.11821/dlxb202008009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

脆弱性作为乡村生产空间系统的重要属性,是探讨系统易受负面影响或损害程度的有效度量、解析系统可持续发展趋势的有效途径。以重庆市为研究区,以2007—2017年为研究时段,建立乡村生产空间系统脆弱性评价指标体系和评价模型,以定量测度乡村生产空间系统脆弱性,揭示其时空分异特征,进而划分脆弱性类型并提出差异化调控策略。结果表明:① 乡村生产空间系统脆弱性是系统运行状态的综合度量,包含暴露度、敏感性和适应能力3个要素,其体现了以“人”为核心的乡村多元主体与以“地”为核心的乡村生产空间之间相互影响、相互作用的互动制衡关系。② 乡村生产空间系统暴露度总体呈上升趋势及“局部突出、北高南低”的空间格局特征;敏感性总体呈波动下降趋势及“东高西低”的空间格局特征;适应能力总体呈快速上升趋势及“西高东低”的空间格局特征;脆弱性总体呈下降趋势及“东高西低”的空间格局特征。③ 将重庆市乡村生产空间系统脆弱性划分为适应能力脆弱型、暴露—敏感脆弱型、敏感—适应脆弱型和强综合脆弱型4种类型,并按照“生态优先—分类调控—重点突出—因地施策”原则针对不同类型提出差异化“降脆”策略,以引导乡村生产空间系统可持续发展。

关键词: 乡村生产空间系统, 脆弱性, 时空分异, 差异化调控, 重庆市

Abstract:

Vulnerability, one of the major properties of rural production space system (RPSS), is an effective measure in how system will be susceptible to negative effects or damage, as well as the way to achieving sustainable development of the system. This study establishes an evaluation index system and model of the vulnerability of RPSS and quantitatively measures the RPSS vulnerability of Chongqing from 2007 to 2017 to reveal its spatio-temporal differentiation. Accordingly it identifies vulnerability types and proposes targeted regulation strategies. The results are shown as follows. (1) The vulnerability of the RPSS is a comprehensive measure of the operating state of the system consisting of exposure, sensitivity and adaptability. It embodies the balance relationship of mutual influence and interaction that lies between rural diversified subjects centered on "human" and the rural production space centered on "land". (2) On the whole, the exposure of the RPSS shows an upward trend and a spatial pattern of "partly prominent, high in the north and low in the south"; the sensitivity shows a downward trend of fluctuation and a spatial pattern of "high in the east and low in the west"; the adaptability shows a rapidly increasing trend and a spatial pattern of "high in the west and low in the east". The overall vulnerability of RPSS presents a downward trend and the spatial pattern of "high in the east and low in the west". (3) After dividing the vulnerability of the RPSS into four types, namely, including adaptability type, exposure-sensitivity type, sensitivity-adaptation type, and strong comprehensive type, and based on the principle of "ecological priority - classified regulation - highlight emphasis - local adaptation", this study proposes differentiated "vulnerability reduction" strategies for different types, so as to guide the sustainable development of RPSS.

Key words: rural production space system, vulnerability, spatio-temporal differentiation, differentiated regulation, Chongqing

王成, 何焱洲. 重庆市乡村生产空间系统脆弱性时空分异与差异化调控[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(8): 1680-1698.

WANG Cheng, HE Yanzhou. Spatio-temporal differentiation and differentiated regulation of the vulnerability of rural production space system in Chongqing[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(8): 1680-1698.

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要素层	指标层	内涵	单位	性质	权重
要素层	指标层	内涵	单位	性质	2007年	2012年	2017年	平均值
暴露度(E)	农药使用强度	农药使用量/耕地面积	t/hm²	+	0.078	0.107	0.131	0.105
	化肥施用强度	化肥施用量/耕地面积	t/hm²	+	0.130	0.164	0.078	0.124
	复种指数	农作物播种面积/耕地面积	-	+	0.045	0.030	0.032	0.036
	地质灾害发生强度	地质灾害点体积/研究单元面积	m³/hm2	+	0.291	0.282	0.309	0.294
	水土流失率	水土流失面积/研究单元面积	%	+	0.079	0.079	0.091	0.083
	城镇用地占比	城镇用地面积/研究单元面积	%	+	0.377	0.338	0.359	0.358
敏感性(S)	平均耕地质量等别	反映耕地的耕作质量情况^①	等	+	0.103	0.097	0.099	0.100
	≥ 25°耕地占比	≥ 25°耕地面积/耕地面积	%	+	0.346	0.327	0.330	0.334
	地形起伏度	最大高程值-最小高程值	m	+	0.231	0.217	0.220	0.223
	人均水资源量	水资源总量/乡村总人口	亿m³/万人	-	0.040	0.040	0.050	0.043
	森林覆盖率	林地面积/研究单元面积	%	-	0.176	0.118	0.122	0.139
	地均生态服务价值	区域生态服务价值总和^②/研究单元面积	元/hm²	-	0.104	0.201	0.179	0.161
适应能力(A)	人均农林牧渔业总产值	农林牧渔业总产值/乡村总人口	元/人	+	0.040	0.099	0.049	0.063
	单位面积粮食产量	粮食总产量/耕地面积	t/hm²	+	0.035	0.032	0.045	0.038
	单位面积蔬菜产量	蔬菜总产量/耕地面积	t/hm²	+	0.274	0.213	0.192	0.226
	农林水事务财政支持强度	农林水事务支出/耕地面积	万元/hm²	+	0.278	0.318	0.272	0.289
	农业机械化水平	农业机械总动力/耕地面积	kW/hm²	+	0.199	0.142	0.182	0.174
	灌排设施覆盖率	农田水利用地面积/耕地面积	%	+	0.174	0.196	0.260	0.210