地理学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 75 ›› Issue (8): 1680-1698.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202008009
收稿日期:
2019-05-14
修回日期:
2020-04-10
出版日期:
2020-08-25
发布日期:
2020-10-25
作者简介:
王成(1975-), 男, 重庆荣昌人, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事土地利用与乡村发展、乡村人居环境研究。E-mail:基金资助:
Received:
2019-05-14
Revised:
2020-04-10
Published:
2020-08-25
Online:
2020-10-25
Supported by:
摘要:
脆弱性作为乡村生产空间系统的重要属性,是探讨系统易受负面影响或损害程度的有效度量、解析系统可持续发展趋势的有效途径。以重庆市为研究区,以2007—2017年为研究时段,建立乡村生产空间系统脆弱性评价指标体系和评价模型,以定量测度乡村生产空间系统脆弱性,揭示其时空分异特征,进而划分脆弱性类型并提出差异化调控策略。结果表明:① 乡村生产空间系统脆弱性是系统运行状态的综合度量,包含暴露度、敏感性和适应能力3个要素,其体现了以“人”为核心的乡村多元主体与以“地”为核心的乡村生产空间之间相互影响、相互作用的互动制衡关系。② 乡村生产空间系统暴露度总体呈上升趋势及“局部突出、北高南低”的空间格局特征;敏感性总体呈波动下降趋势及“东高西低”的空间格局特征;适应能力总体呈快速上升趋势及“西高东低”的空间格局特征;脆弱性总体呈下降趋势及“东高西低”的空间格局特征。③ 将重庆市乡村生产空间系统脆弱性划分为适应能力脆弱型、暴露—敏感脆弱型、敏感—适应脆弱型和强综合脆弱型4种类型,并按照“生态优先—分类调控—重点突出—因地施策”原则针对不同类型提出差异化“降脆”策略,以引导乡村生产空间系统可持续发展。
王成, 何焱洲. 重庆市乡村生产空间系统脆弱性时空分异与差异化调控[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(8): 1680-1698.
WANG Cheng, HE Yanzhou. Spatio-temporal differentiation and differentiated regulation of the vulnerability of rural production space system in Chongqing[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(8): 1680-1698.
表1
乡村生产空间系统脆弱性评价指标体系
要素层 | 指标层 | 内涵 | 单位 | 性质 | 权重 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2007年 | 2012年 | 2017年 | 平均值 | |||||
暴露度(E) | 农药使用强度 | 农药使用量/耕地面积 | t/hm2 | + | 0.078 | 0.107 | 0.131 | 0.105 |
化肥施用强度 | 化肥施用量/耕地面积 | t/hm2 | + | 0.130 | 0.164 | 0.078 | 0.124 | |
复种指数 | 农作物播种面积/耕地面积 | - | + | 0.045 | 0.030 | 0.032 | 0.036 | |
地质灾害发生强度 | 地质灾害点体积/研究单元面积 | m3/hm2 | + | 0.291 | 0.282 | 0.309 | 0.294 | |
水土流失率 | 水土流失面积/研究单元面积 | % | + | 0.079 | 0.079 | 0.091 | 0.083 | |
城镇用地占比 | 城镇用地面积/研究单元面积 | % | + | 0.377 | 0.338 | 0.359 | 0.358 | |
敏感性(S) | 平均耕地质量等别 | 反映耕地的耕作质量情况① | 等 | + | 0.103 | 0.097 | 0.099 | 0.100 |
≥ 25°耕地占比 | ≥ 25°耕地面积/耕地面积 | % | + | 0.346 | 0.327 | 0.330 | 0.334 | |
地形起伏度 | 最大高程值-最小高程值 | m | + | 0.231 | 0.217 | 0.220 | 0.223 | |
人均水资源量 | 水资源总量/乡村总人口 | 亿m3/万人 | - | 0.040 | 0.040 | 0.050 | 0.043 | |
森林覆盖率 | 林地面积/研究单元面积 | % | - | 0.176 | 0.118 | 0.122 | 0.139 | |
地均生态服务价值 | 区域生态服务价值总和②/研究 单元面积 | 元/hm2 | - | 0.104 | 0.201 | 0.179 | 0.161 | |
适应能力(A) | 人均农林牧渔业 总产值 | 农林牧渔业总产值/乡村总人口 | 元/人 | + | 0.040 | 0.099 | 0.049 | 0.063 |
单位面积粮食产量 | 粮食总产量/耕地面积 | t/hm2 | + | 0.035 | 0.032 | 0.045 | 0.038 | |
单位面积蔬菜产量 | 蔬菜总产量/耕地面积 | t/hm2 | + | 0.274 | 0.213 | 0.192 | 0.226 | |
农林水事务财政 支持强度 | 农林水事务支出/耕地面积 | 万元/hm2 | + | 0.278 | 0.318 | 0.272 | 0.289 | |
农业机械化水平 | 农业机械总动力/耕地面积 | kW/hm2 | + | 0.199 | 0.142 | 0.182 | 0.174 | |
灌排设施覆盖率 | 农田水利用地面积/耕地面积 | % | + | 0.174 | 0.196 | 0.260 | 0.210 |
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