基于手机信令数据的上海市不同住宅区居民就业空间研究

doi:10.11821/dlxb202008003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

上海市住宅区地域分布广,住房属性、就业环境与交通环境各异,就业活动空间呈现不同的组织与分布模式。利用2014年手机信令数据识别上海市移动手机用户的居住地和工作地,选取253个典型住宅区为分析样本,将样本住宅区居民就业地核密度分布、通勤距离—概率分布等可视化方法结合就业地特征量化因子,以综合归纳上海市住宅区就业空间分布模式,分析影响因子及形成机制。研究揭示了上海市住宅区就业空间的几类典型模式,包括单中心、带状、双中心、多中心或分散,以及模式间的过渡类型。在就业空间影响因子方面,就业中心分布与轨道交通线路是主导因子,影响就业空间模式的整体分布;居住区类型特征是次要因子,导致局部就业空间模式变异。研究结论可为上海市空间结构优化布局、产业空间调整、轨道交通建设及住房建设提供参考。

关键词: 就业空间, 空间模式, 住宅区, 手机信令数据, 上海市

Abstract:

The employment space of a residential quarter is widely affected by factors including housing properties and the neighboring supply of transportation and employments, which forms numerous spatial diagrams. Investigating and understanding the exemplar patterns of the employment space are thus crucial before we make targeted planning policies. Taking Shanghai as a case study and using mobile signaling data, this paper endeavors to extract typical patterns and distinguish the key factors. After the users' home and work locations are inferred, the employment space of 253 residential quarters is characterized in combination of the kernel densities estimation and the probability density analysis of commuting distance. We extracted five spatial patterns, namely, single-nucleated, ribbon-shaped, dual-nucleated, multi-nucleated, and decentralized, and highlighted several transitional patterns between them. Moreover, several factors are considered significant: the accessibility of employment centers and subway stations is a dominant factor that determines the global distribution of the patterns, while housing type is the secondary factor which leads to local variations and transitions. Finally, an integrated portrait covering the whole city area is summarized in terms of how different factors can be combined to explain the employment space of any quarters. We believe that our findings can help make planning policies regarding spatial structure optimization, industrial spatial adjustment, and housing development.

Key words: employment space, spatial pattern, residential quarter, mobile signaling data, Shanghai

王德, 李丹, 傅英姿. 基于手机信令数据的上海市不同住宅区居民就业空间研究[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(8): 1585-1602.

WANG De, LI Dan, FU Yingzi. Employment space of residential quarters in Shanghai: An exploration based on mobile signaling data[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(8): 1585-1602.

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名称	定义	作用
通勤距离—概率分布	以1 km为基本通勤距离单元,不同距离的通勤人口分布	反映通勤距离分布特征
平均通勤距离	就业者通勤路网距离的平均值	反映就业远近的整体趋势
5 km内就业比	住宅区5 km范围内的就业者占总就业者的比例	反映就近就业情况
轨道交通沿线就业比	邻近轨道交通线路所有站点2 km以内就业人口占住宅区总就业人口的比例	反映轨道交通沿线就业趋势
内环就业比	在内环范围内的就业者占总就业者的比例	反映市中心就业核心依赖度

模式类型	就业中心	轨道交通	住宅区属性	产生区域
单中心	○			内环/新城就业中心核心作用区
带状	○	○		内环就业核心+轨道交通综合作用区
双中心	○	○	(○)	内环就业核心+轨道交通+(住宅区属性)综合作用区
多中心或分散	○			内环就业核心+浦东多就业中心作用区新城就业核心+周边低等级就业中心作用区
模式内变化			○	通常在郊区