地理学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 75 ›› Issue (7): 1512-1522.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202007013
收稿日期:
2019-06-05
修回日期:
2020-04-14
出版日期:
2020-07-25
发布日期:
2020-09-25
作者简介:
杨霄(1988-), 男, 山东青岛人, 博士后, 中国地理学会会员(S110009064M), 主要从事历史自然地理研究。E-mail: 基金资助:
Received:
2019-06-05
Revised:
2020-04-14
Online:
2020-07-25
Published:
2020-09-25
Supported by:
摘要:
受黄河夺淮的影响,从1570年开始淮河下游由向东独流入海逐渐演变为南下入江,成为长江一条支流。这一变化为长江河流地貌的演变增加了新的变量,改变了长江镇扬河段原有的河槽特征和水流结构,洲滩冲淤、岸线进退随之发生变化。本文使用历史文献考证与古地图判读相结合的研究方法,对淮河入江口外沙洲群的形成年代与演变过程进行考证,认为裕民洲、南新洲等沙洲至少在17世纪前已经存在于淮河入江口外,是成化、弘治年间藤料沙等沦没后新淤长的沙洲。淮河入江后上述沙洲不断扩大、与新淤长沙洲一起向北并岸,致使镇扬河段北汊消亡,并由江心洲型河床向弯曲型河床转化。曲流的形成又使位于上游凹岸的瓜洲受到侵蚀,而位于凸岸的镇江不断淤积,长江镇扬河段逐渐演变为今天的面貌。
杨霄. 1570—1971年长江镇扬河段江心沙洲的演变过程及原因分析[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(7): 1512-1522.
YANG Xiao. Evolution processes of the sandbanks in the Zhenjiang-Yangzhou reach of the Yangtze River and their driving forces (from 1570 to 1971)[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(7): 1512-1522.
[1] | Xu Jinzhi. Physiography of Huaibei Plain and middle reaches of Huaihe River. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1953,19(2):203-233. |
[ 徐近之. 淮北平原与淮河中游的地文. 地理学报, 1953,19(2):203-233.] | |
[2] | Zou Desen. A preliminary study of the effects of flood water from the Yellow and Huai Rivers on the river reach between Zhenjiang and Jiangyin, downstream of the Yangtze River//Chinese Society of Hydraulic Engineering. Collected Papers of the Inaugural Meeting Committee of Water Conservancy History. Beijing: Water Conservancy and Electric Power Press, 1984: 73-79. |
[ 邹德森. 黄、淮水对长江下游镇澄河段影响的探讨//中国水利学会水利史研究会. 水利史研究会成立大会论文集. 北京: 水利电力出版社, 1984: 155-161.] | |
[3] | Institute of Geography of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research of the Yangtze River, Yangtze River Waterway Bureau Planning and Design Institute. River Characteristics and Evolution of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River. Beijing: Science Press, 1985: 73-143. |
[ 中国科学院地理研究所, 长江水利水电科学研究院, 长江航道局规划设计研究所. 长江中下游河道特性及其演变. 北京: 科学出版社, 1985: 73-143.] | |
[4] | Wang Qing, Chen Jiyu. The formation and dynamic geomorphology of the mouth of Huaihe River covering in Changjiang River//Historical Geography No.16. Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2000: 40-49. |
[ 王庆, 陈吉余. 淮河入长江河口的形成及其动力地貌演变//历史地理第16辑. 上海: 上海人民出版社, 2000: 40-49.] | |
[5] | Huang Xiquan, Cao Peikui. River channel evolution of Zhenjiang-Yangzhou reach of Yangtze River. Journal of East China Normal University (Natural Science), 1964(2):143-154. |
[ 黄锡荃, 曹沛奎. 长江镇扬河段河槽演变过程. 华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 1964(2):143-154.] | |
[6] | Li Congxian, Li Ping, Cheng Xinrong. The influence of marine factors on sedimentary characteristics of Yangtze River channel below Zhenjiang. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1983,38(2):128-140. |
[ 李从先, 李萍, 成鑫荣. 海洋因素对镇江以下长江河段沉积的影响. 地理学报, 1983,38(2):128-140.] | |
[7] | Chen Jiyu, Shen Huanting, Yun Caixing, et al. Processes of Dynamics and Geomorphology of the Changjiang Estuary. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers, 1988. |
[ 陈吉余, 沈焕庭, 恽才兴, 等. 长江河口动力过程和地貌演变. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 1988.] | |
[8] | Yang Huairen, Xu Xin, Yang Dayuan, et al. Environmental Change and Land Ecosystem in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River. Nanjing: Hohai University Press, 1995. |
[ 杨怀仁, 徐馨, 杨达源, 等. 长江中下游环境变迁与地生态系统. 南京: 河海大学出版社, 1995.] | |
[9] | Yin Zhihua. River channel evolution of Zhenjiang-Yangzhou reach of Yangtze River judging by the distribution of the unearthed historical relics. Southeast Culture, 1997(4):18-24. |
[ 印志华. 从出土文物看长江镇扬河段的历史变迁. 东南文化, 1997(4):18-24.] | |
[10] | Li Yitian, Tang Jinwu, Zhu Lingling, et al. River Channel Evolution and Channel Regulation in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River. Beijing: Science Press, 2012. |
[ 李义天, 唐金武, 朱玲玲, 等. 长江中下游河道演变与航道整治. 北京: 科学出版社, 2012.] | |
[11] | Xia Yunfeng, Wen Yuncheng, Xu Hua, et al. Water and Sediment Movement and Riverbed Evolution in the Tidal Reaches of the Yangtze River. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2015. |
[ 夏云峰, 闻云呈, 徐华, 等. 长江河口段水沙运动及河床演变. 北京: 人民交通出版社, 2015.] | |
[12] | Yang Xiao, Han Zhaoqing. The change of the Gaobao Lakes and its driving forces (1717-2011). Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018,73(1):129-137. |
[ 杨霄, 韩昭庆. 1717—2011年高宝诸湖的演变过程及其原因分析. 地理学报, 2018,73(1):129-137.] | |
[13] | Chen Jiyu, Yun Caixing. Channel process of the Changjiang River lower reach (from Nanjing to Wusong). Acta Geographica Sinica, 1959,25(3):221-239. |
[ 陈吉余, 恽才兴. 南京吴淞间长江河槽的演变过程. 地理学报, 1959,25(3):221-239.] | |
[14] | Sun Zhongming, Pu Jingjuan. Characteristics of the historical changes of the Chenglingji-Jiangyin reach in the Yangtze River//Institute of Geography of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Collected Papers of Geography No. 13 Geomorphology. Beijing: Science Press, 1981: 1-17. |
[ 孙仲明, 濮静娟. 长江城陵矶—江阴河道历史变迁的特点//中国科学院地理研究所. 地理集刊第13号地貌. 北京: 科学出版社, 1981: 1-17.] | |
[15] | Chen Jiyu. The past, present and future of the Yangtze River estuary management//Selected Papers of Chen Jiyu Engaged in the Estuary and Coast Research for 55 Years. Shanghai: East China Normal University Press, 2000: 421-431. |
[ 陈吉余. 长江河口治理: 过去、现在和未来//陈吉余(伊石)2000—从事河口海岸研究55年论文选. 上海: 华东师范大学出版社, 2000: 421-431.] | |
[16] | Lu Xueyan. A Selection of Chinese Antique Maps in the National Palace Museum Vol. 1. Taipei: Palace Museum, 2018: 25. |
[ 卢雪燕. 故宫典藏古地图选粹(上册). 台北: 故宫博物院, 2018: 25.] | |
[17] | Xie Guoxing, Lin Tianren. Reading Antique Cartography: Historical Chinese Maps in the British Library. Taipei: Institute of Taiwan History, Academia Sinica, 2015: 168-169. |
[ 谢国兴, 林天人. 方舆搜览:大英图书馆所藏中文历史地图. 台北: 中研院台湾史研究所, 2015: 168-169.] | |
[18] | Han Zhaoqing. Research on the processes and backgrounds of the changes of the Hongze Lake during historical period. Journal of Chinese Historical Geography, 1998(2):61-76. |
[ 韩昭庆. 洪泽湖演变的历史过程及其背景分析. 中国历史地理论丛, 1998(2):61-76.] | |
[19] | The Huaihe River Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources. A Brief History of Huaihe River Water Conservancy. Beijing: Water Conservancy and Electric Power Press, 1990: 253. |
[ 水利部治淮委员会. 淮河水利简史. 北京: 水利电力出版社, 1990: 253.] | |
[20] | The Experimental Group of the Yangtze River, Division of Geomorphology, Institute of Geography of Chinese Academy of Sciences. An experimental study on the fluvial processes of the braided stream in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1978,32(2):128-141. |
[ 中国科学院地理研究所地貌室长江实验小组. 长江中下游分汊河道演变的实验研究. 地理学报, 1978,32(2):128-141.] | |
[21] | Yu Wenchou. Action of nodes of the braided channel at the lower Yangtze River in the fluvial processes. Journal of Sediment Research, 1987,12(4):14-23. |
[ 余文畴. 长江下游分汊河道节点在河床演变中的作用. 泥沙研究, 1987,12(4):14-23.] | |
[22] | Huang Xiquan, Liu Zhongjian. A Study on the inner structure and spatial EFF-ECT of the braided pattern in the lower reaches of the Chang Jiang (Yangtze River). Acta Geographica Sinica, 1991,46(2):169-177. |
[ 黄锡荃, 柳中坚. 长江下游分汊河型内部结构和空间效应的研究. 地理学报, 1991,46(2):169-177.] | |
[23] | You Xingying, Tang Jinwu, Zhang Xiaofeng, et al. The mechanism of barrier river reaches in the middle and lower Yangtze River. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2017,27(10):1249-1267. |
[24] | Ni Jinren, Ma Ainai. Fluvial Dynamic Geomorphology. Beijing: Peking University Press, 1998: 70-302. |
[ 倪晋仁, 马蔼乃. 河流动力地貌学. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 1998: 70-302.] |
[1] | 李双双, 延军平, 武亚群, 汪成博. 秦岭—淮河南北供暖格局变化及其影响因素[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(9): 1866-1877. |
[2] | 杨霄,韩昭庆. 1717-2011年高宝诸湖的演变过程及其原因分析[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(1): 129-137. |
[3] | 程岩, 刘月, 高建华, 张春鹏, 李富祥, 刘敬伟, 张亮. 近百年来人类活动对鸭绿江口河床演变的影响[J]. 地理学报, 2012, 67(5): 609-620. |
[4] | 杜鸿, 夏军, 曾思栋, 佘敦先, 张永勇, 严子奇. 淮河流域极端径流的时空变化规律及统计模拟[J]. 地理学报, 2012, 67(3): 398-409. |
[5] | 孔凡哲, 宋晓猛, 占车生, 叶爱中. 水文模型参数敏感性快速定量评估的RSMSobol方法[J]. 地理学报, 2011, 66(9): 1270-1280. |
[6] | 佘敦先, 夏军, 张永勇, 杜鸿. 近50 年来淮河流域极端降水的时空变化及统计特征[J]. 地理学报, 2011, 66(9): 1200-1210. |
[7] | 秦毅, 张晓芳, 王凤龙, 颜恒, 韩海军. 黄河内蒙古河段冲淤演变及其影响因素[J]. 地理学报, 2011, 66(3): 324-330. |
[8] | 严子奇, 夏军, Lars Gottschalk. 基于水文随机方法的大尺度径流空间插值图化研究——淮河流域蚌埠以上区间为例[J]. 地理学报, 2010, 65(7): 841-852. |
[9] | 张广胜1, 2, 朱诚1, 王吉怀3, 朱光耀4, 马春梅1, 郑朝贵5, 赵兰会6, 李中轩1, 朱青1, 金爱春7. 安徽蚌埠禹会村遗址4.5-4.0 ka BP龙山文化的环境考古[J]. 地理学报, 2009, 64(7): 817-827. |
[10] | 胡金明,邓伟,唐继华,柳江. 隋唐与北宋淮河流域湿地系统格局变迁[J]. 地理学报, 2009, 64(1): 43-52. |
[11] | 杨吉山, 许炯心, 廖建华. 不同水沙条件下黄河下游二级悬河的发展过程[J]. 地理学报, 2006, 61(1): 66-76. |
[12] | 黄润, 朱诚, 郑朝贵. 安徽淮河流域全新世环境演变对新石器遗址分布的影响[J]. 地理学报, 2005, 60(5): 742-750. |
[13] | 何华春,王颖,李书恒. 长江南京段历史洪水位追溯[J]. 地理学报, 2004, 59(6): 938-947. |
[14] | 曹有挥, 毛汉英, 许刚. 长江下游港口体系的职能结构[J]. 地理学报, 2001, 68(5): 590-598. |
[15] | 姜爱军, 周学东, 周桂香, 宣德旺. 长江下游异常雨涝及其对农业影响的评估[J]. 地理学报, 2000, 67(S1): 46-51. |