地理学报

地理学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 75 ›› Issue (6): 1185-1198.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202006007

• “一带一路”案例研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国境外政府间合作园区多尺度耦合建设机制——以中白工业园为例

刘志高1,2, 王涛1,2   

  1. 1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101;
    2.中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-08 修回日期:2020-05-15 出版日期:2020-06-25 发布日期:2020-08-25
  • 作者简介:刘志高(1974-), 男, 湖北江陵人, 博士, 副研究员, 硕士生导师, 研究方向为对外投资与海外园区。E-mail: liuzhigao@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41530751);国家自然科学基金项目(41901154);中国科学院国际合作局项目(131A11KYSB20170014);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA19040403);国家社会科学基金项目(17VDL008)

The multi-scale coupling construction mechanism of China's overseas intergovernmental cooperation parks: A case study of China-Belarus Industrial Park

LIU Zhigao1,2, WANG Tao1,2   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
    2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2019-10-08 Revised:2020-05-15 Published:2020-06-25 Online:2020-08-25
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(41530751);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41901154);International Cooperation Bureau of Chinese Academy of Sciences(131A11KYSB20170014);Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA19040403);National Social Science Foundation of China(17VDL008)

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摘要：

“一带一路”倡议提出后,境外合作园区已成为中国企业走出去的重要平台和促进中国与沿线国家经贸合作的重要载体,在“一带一路”建设中发挥着重要作用。其中,政府间合作境外园区因合作规格高、投资规模大、建设进展快、成效初现,并肩负着“一带一路”建设示范功能,所以备受国际社会和学术界关注。但目前有关中国境外合作园区的研究多为政策导向型,未将政府间合作园区与企业投资所建立的境外园区区分开。为此,本文以中国—白俄罗斯（简称中白）为例,讨论“一带一路”背景下政府间合作园区建设过程中的多尺度耦合机制。中白工业园是中白两国元首共同发起、亲自推动的“一带一路”旗舰项目,已成为白俄罗斯首都明斯克新的经济增长极。研究表明,境外合作园区的发起、建设和运营是两国政府、园区开发公司和园区企业在全球经济活动中不停协调各自利益,追求共同目标的过程,涉及多尺度（全球、国家间、园区、企业）和多主体（政府、企业）。具体而言,中白两国出于各自战略目标考虑发起合作园区项目,并建立起政府间合作框架和机制。政府间合作框架和机制为协调两国战略利益,动员两国政治和经济资源推动园区发展提供了制度基础,但它并不完全能保证园区的成功。合理的园区开发公司股权结构及其强大的全球网络动员能力是园区成功建设的关键。因此,只有在处理好两国战略利益的同时,开发公司和入园企业能获取经济收益,才能确保政府间合作园区的长久发展。本文拓展性地将多尺度耦合理论用于分析政府主导的跨国大型园区项目合作,有助于丰富人文地理学里的耦合研究,并可为推动中国境外政府间合作园区高质量发展提供科学依据。

关键词: 境外园区, 政府间合作, 多尺度耦合, 中白工业园, “一带一路”倡议

Abstract:

Since the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013, China's overseas industrial parks have become an important platform for Chinese enterprises to "go global in groups", and also for promoting economic and trade cooperation between China and other countries involved in the BRI. The high-profile intergovernmental industrial parks are at the highest cooperation level, large in investment scale, and rapid in construction progress. Moreover, they are expected by Chinese government to play a demonstration role for the joint construction of the BRI. Against the backdrop, intergovernmental industrial parks have attracted increasing attention from policymakers and academics at home and abroad. However, existing research on overseas parks tends to be policy-oriented, and did not make distinction between the intergovernmental industrial parks from the overseas parks established by private enterprises. Few studies have been conducted so far on construction mechanism of overseas industrial parks from a perspective of multi-scale coupling. This article tries to fill this gap to examine the multi-scale coupling mechanisms of intergovernmental cooperative parks in the framework of the BRI, taking the China-Belarus Industrial Park as an example. This industrial park was launched in 2010 jointly by the presidents of the two countries as a flagship project of the BRI. Now it becomes a new growth pole of the Minsk city. The research shows that the construction of the high-profile overseas industrial parks is a dynamic process, through which the two governments, park developers and park enterprises coordinate, mediate, and arbitrage strategic interests in the global economy, and also pursue common goals. This process involves multi-actors (government, corporations) from various scales (global, intergovernmental, industrial park, corporations). Specifically, the governments of the two countries launched the projects for their respective strategic interests. The intergovernmental cooperation frameworks and mechanisms provide an institutional framework for coordinating the strategic interests of both sides, and also mobilizing the political and economic resources from the two countries and beyond to promote the high-end project. But the top-level cooperation mechanisms cannot automatically guarantee the project's success. The keys are reasonable equity structure of the park development company and its strengths of networking with the global partners. At the same time, the economic performance of the enterprises inside the industrial parks is the fundamental to parks' sustainable development. Therefore, only when the strategic interests of the two countries are properly handled and the economic benefits of the development company and the companies related with the project, the industrial park can survive and develop smoothly. Hopefully, this research can provide a scientific basis for promoting the high-quality development of China's overseas parks.

Key words: overseas industrial parks, intergovernmental cooperation, multi-scale coupling, China-Belarus Industrial Park, Belt and Road Initiative