地理学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 75 ›› Issue (5): 1053-1064.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202005012
韩冬梅1,2, 曹国亮3, 宋献方1,2
收稿日期:
2019-06-03
修回日期:
2020-02-10
出版日期:
2020-05-25
发布日期:
2020-07-25
作者简介:
韩冬梅(1978-), 女, 新疆焉耆人, 博士, 副研究员, 研究方向为滨海地下水水文过程和海水入侵。E-mail: handm@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
HAN Dongmei1,2, CAO Guoliang3, SONG Xianfang1,2
Received:
2019-06-03
Revised:
2020-02-10
Published:
2020-05-25
Online:
2020-07-25
Supported by:
摘要:
中国目前在珊瑚礁上建设人工岛的目标是建成生态宜居岛屿,人工岛地下海水在降雨入渗驱替作用下逐渐淡化,形成的淡水透镜体是支撑岛屿生态系统的重要水源。本文针对南海珊瑚礁普遍存在的上土下岩的二元地质结构,考虑不同测量方法得到的南海人工岛填筑所用珊瑚砂渗透系数存在较大差异,建立了珊瑚礁人工岛淡水驱替海水形成淡水透镜体的动态模拟模型,对南海某珊瑚礁人工岛开展了系列数值模拟研究。结果表明,人工岛礁二元地质结构不同的渗透性对人工岛淡水开始形成时间无明显影响,填岛完成2年左右的时间可观测到淡水,估计(或理论计算)在10~20年内可形成相对稳定的淡水透镜体;在人工岛面积达到一定规模的前提下,全新世珊瑚砂沉积物渗透性是控制人工岛礁淡水透镜体的主要因素,能够形成的淡水透镜体体积随渗透系数增大而呈对数减小,并且淡水透镜体体积随全新世沉积物渗透性增大而减小的速率较淡水透镜体厚度更加显著;淡水透镜体越过不整合面进入更新世礁灰岩后,由于含水层渗透系数突然增大,淡水透镜体向水平方向扩展,在礁灰岩顶界形成“髭”状淡水体。
韩冬梅, 曹国亮, 宋献方. 南海珊瑚礁人工岛淡水透镜体形成过程及影响因素[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(5): 1053-1064.
HAN Dongmei, CAO Guoliang, SONG Xianfang. Formation processes and influencing factors of freshwater lens in artificial island of coral reef in South China Sea[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(5): 1053-1064.
表2
全新世珊瑚砂和更新世礁灰岩不同渗透系数组合下淡水透镜体形成时间和体积
全新世珊瑚砂渗透系数(KHH)(m/d) | 更新世礁灰岩渗透系数(KHP)为500 m/d | 更新世礁灰岩渗透系数(KHP)为1000 m/d | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
淡水透镜体开始形成时间(a) | 淡水透镜体最大厚度(m) | 淡水透镜体体积(万m3) | 淡水透镜体开始形成时间(a) | 淡水透镜体最大厚度(m) | 淡水透镜体体积(万m3) | ||
5 | 1.64 | 22.5 | 4774.75 | 1.72 | 19.5 | 4463.25 | |
10 | 1.47 | 22.5 | 3969.25 | 1.84 | 20.5 | 3103.5 | |
20 | 1.7 | 20.5 | 2850.25 | 1.75 | 19.5 | 2670.75 | |
30 | 1.54 | 21.5 | 2492.25 | 1.64 | 19.5 | 2378.75 | |
40 | 1.52 | 20.5 | 2257.25 | 1.53 | 19.5 | 2134 | |
50 | 1.51 | 20.5 | 2081.5 | 1.53 | 18.5 | 1964.5 | |
60 | 1.51 | 20.5 | 1963 | 1.52 | 18.5 | 1829.75 | |
70 | 1.47 | 19.5 | 1835.5 | 1.48 | 18.5 | 1769.75 | |
80 | 1.49 | 19.5 | 1715.25 | 1.49 | 19.5 | 1699.75 | |
90 | 1.46 | 18.5 | 1599 | 1.46 | 18.5 | 1587.75 | |
100 | 1.43 | 17.5 | 1502.25 | 1.43 | 17.5 | 1487.25 | |
150 | 1.44 | 14.5 | 1148.75 | 1.43 | 14.5 | 1137.75 | |
200 | 1.42 | 12.5 | 958 | 1.45 | 12.5 | 945.75 | |
300 | 1.43 | 8.5 | 633.5 | 1.4 | 7.5 | 554.75 | |
400 | 1.43 | 6.5 | 387.75 | 1.43 | 6.5 | 389.25 | |
500 | 1.45 | 4.5 | 194.5 | 1.42 | 5.5 | 179.5 |
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