空间恢复力理论支持下的人地系统动态研究进展

doi:10.11821/dlxb202005001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

人地系统的概念表现了人与地在特定的地域中相互联系、相互作用而形成的一种动态结构,面向人地系统动态运行过程的复杂性,亟待构建更有力的指标体系表征地球系统和人类系统相互影响与反馈的过程。空间恢复力可以被理解为以保障人地系统结构稳定为目标的地域空间整体对自然和社会扰动的吸收、复原或转化能力,为人地系统研究中针对性理论模式和可定量化指标体系的塑造提供新途径。本文以从自然维度出发的政策与生态系统空间恢复力、从社会维度出发的环境变化与社区生产生活空间恢复力、从综合描述方式出发的空间恢复力综合指标体系三个角度梳理空间恢复力研究现状,并从结构、功能、阈值三个方面研讨不同地域功能类型下的空间恢复力指标体系,提出认知保障系统可持续性的空间状态、明晰人地系统动态过程的空间阈值、满足生态保护与社会进步国家需求三项内容可以作为人地系统动态研究的重要方向。

关键词: 人地系统动态, 景观生态学, 可持续性, 阈值, 国家需求

Abstract:

The concept of human-earth system represents a dynamic structure formed by the interaction between human and earth within a specific region. Considering the complexity of the system, it is necessary to construct a more powerful indicator system to describe the interaction and reflection processes between human and earth systems. The term of spatial resilience can be understood as the overall ability of regional space to absorb, recover or transform natural and social disturbances. Spatial resilience targeted at securing the structural stability of human-earth system, and it also provides a new approach for the shaping of targeted theoretical models and quantifiable indicator system in the study of human-earth system. This study reviews the research progress of spatial resilience from three perspectives, including: ecological policy and ecosystems spatial resilience from a natural perspective; environmental changes and spatial resilience of community production and living from a social perspective and the spatial resilience integrated indicator system from a comprehensive description perspective. Then the article puts forward three important directions of spatial resilience research in China, including understanding the spatial state that guaranteed system sustainability, identifying the spatial thresholds of human-earth system dynamic process, and satisfying the national demands of ecological protection and social development. This study also discusses the spatial resilience indicator system in various human-earth system functional areas from aspects of system structure, function and threshold. By the deepening of the theories and methods of spatial resilience, the human-earth system dynamics can be further understood, so as to improve the regional level accuracy on simulating the socioeconomic, environmental and political paths, and provide key theoretical and methodological support for the decision-making of sustainable development at global, national and regional levels.

Key words: human-earth system dynamics, landscape ecology, sustainability, threshold, national demands

刘焱序, 傅伯杰, 王帅, 赵文武, 李琰. 空间恢复力理论支持下的人地系统动态研究进展[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(5): 891-903.

LIU Yanxu, FU Bojie, WANG Shuai, ZHAO Wenwu, LI Yan. Research progress of human-earth system dynamics based on spatial resilience theory[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(5): 891-903.

图/表 3

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空间恢复力代表性指标体系研讨

	结构的空间组织	功能的恢复提升	参考阈值
城市化地区	空间均衡性(人口结构、产业布局、资源供给等),空间可达性(通勤成本、绿地距离等),空间公平性(教育、医疗、治安、环境治理等),空间连通性(工程基础设施、绿色基础设施),区际连通性(跨国和跨地市的人流物流信息流),城乡差异性(以上相关指标的城乡差距)等	经济增长潜力、社会稳定程度、文化传承与塑造、科技创新能力、人居环境与健康、生态系统调节服务、生态系统文化服务等	国民经济和社会发展规划、城乡总体规划和空间规划、环境容量、产业投入产出效率等
农产品主产区	种植业空间适宜性(基本农田保护、高标准农田建设、耕地占补平衡、休耕轮作等)、畜牧业空间适宜性(轮牧、休牧、禁牧位置与载畜量等)、空间环境安全度(面源污染、土壤重金属等)、区域生计安全度(粮食自给率、农业就业等)、区域资源利用效率(水资源配置、劳动力占用等)、远程耦合度(如跨国贸易)等	粮食安全与农产品质量安全、农业现代化程度、农户生计可持续性、农村环境与健康、乡土文化传承与革新、耕地生态系统服务、草地生态系统服务等	国民经济和社会发展规划、乡村振兴战略和空间规划、精准扶贫指标、农业产业投入产出效率等
重点生态功能区	生态安全格局(源地、廊道、节点、阻力等),区域社会—生态网络结构(社会决策与生态过程的联系路径),区域生态补偿绩效(补偿成本、补偿成效、补偿外部性等),景观生态风险(如景观连通度、生态系统多样性)等	景观多功能性、生态系统服务流、区域生物多样性、自然资源资产或生态资产、生态功能区农户生计可持续性等	国民经济和社会发展规划、保护区相关规划和空间规划、长时序生态指标等

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