中国生态水文学发展趋势与重点方向

doi:10.11821/dlxb202003001

地理学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 75 ›› Issue (3): 445-457.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202003001

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中国生态水文学发展趋势与重点方向

夏军^1,², 张永勇²(), 穆兴民^3,⁵, 左其亭⁴, 周宇建², 赵广举^3,⁵

^1. 武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,武汉 430072
^2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京 100101
^3. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌712100
^4. 郑州大学水利与环境学院,郑州 450001
^5. 西北农林科技大学水土保持学院,杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2019-02-09 修回日期:2020-02-12 出版日期:2020-03-25 发布日期:2020-05-25
作者简介:夏军(1954-), 男, 湖北广水人, 教授, 中国科学院院士, 中国地理学会会员(S110001624H), 主要从事水文学及水资源研究。E-mail: xiajun666@whu.edu.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院学部学科发展战略研究项目(2017DXA);国家自然科学基金项目(41671024)

Progress of ecohydrological discipline and its future development in China

XIA Jun^1,², ZHANG Yongyong²(), MU Xingmin^3,⁵, ZUO Qiting⁴, ZHOU Yujian², ZHAO Guangju^3,⁵

^1. State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
^2. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
^3. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
^4. School of Water Conservancy & Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
^5. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China

Received:2019-02-09 Revised:2020-02-12 Published:2020-03-25 Online:2020-05-25
Supported by:
The Developmental Strategies of the Discipline of the Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2017DXA);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41671024)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态水文学是一门新兴的交叉学科,发展和完善其理论体系和技术方法等对促进中国山水林田湖草系统保护与修复,推进生态文明建设和绿色发展具有重要理论和实践意义。本文阐述了生态水文学发展历程和挑战性问题;结合学科前沿和国家需求,提出了生态水文学在中国的发展战略,主要包括：生态水文综合观测的新技术新方法、生态水文学机理和基础理论、以陆地和水生生态水文过程为核心的多尺度多要素综合模拟与集成、以及生态水文与社会科学的融合等;在此基础上,也提出了中国生态水文学具体发展方向,如多源信息融合与综合观测网络、关键要素的时空格局及其演变特征、综合模型与不确定性、多学科交融研究等;最后提出了中国生态水文学在山水林田湖草及城市等共同体修复和保护中的应用前景。

关键词: 生态水文学, 理论和方法, 综合观测, 数值模拟, 尺度问题

Abstract:

Ecohydrology is a key discipline developed in recent decades, which can give aid in the protection and restoration of complex ecological systems (e.g., mountain, river, forest, farmland, lake), ultimately promoting the ecological civilization construction and the green development of China. In this paper, the progress and existing challenges of ecohydrological discipline are elaborated, and the future development directions are proposed according to the international scientific frontiers and national demands on ecological civilization construction. The main directions are to develop new ecohydrological monitoring methods and improve comprehensive observation network of ecohydrological systems; to perfect the ecohydrological mechanisms and their basic theories; to promote the integrations of multi-scales and multi-elements by considering both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; to promote the multidisciplinary integrations between ecohydrology and social sciences. Furthermore, specific future research interests in China are proposed as follows: multi-source information fusion and comprehensive monitoring system construction, spatio-temporal patterns of key ecohydrological elements and their variation characteristics; integrated models of ecological, hydrological and economic processes and their uncertainty estimation; interdisciplinary studies including physical and social sciences. The application prospective in China is further explicated in a variety of ecosystems (e.g., forest, grassland, river and lake, wetland, farmland and urban area). This paper is expected to provide a reference to support the development strategy of the ecohydrological discipline in China, and to give a theoretical foundation and technical support for the implementation of national ecological civilization construction.

Key words: ecohydrological discipline, theory and method, comprehensive observation, mathematical modelling, scale issue

夏军, 张永勇, 穆兴民, 左其亭, 周宇建, 赵广举. 中国生态水文学发展趋势与重点方向[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(3): 445-457.

XIA Jun, ZHANG Yongyong, MU Xingmin, ZUO Qiting, ZHOU Yujian, ZHAO Guangju. Progress of ecohydrological discipline and its future development in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(3): 445-457.

图/表 3

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中国生态水文学发展趋势与重点方向

Progress of ecohydrological discipline and its future development in China

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