地理学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 75 ›› Issue (2): 348-364.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202002010
收稿日期:
2018-04-19
修回日期:
2019-11-29
出版日期:
2020-02-25
发布日期:
2020-04-25
作者简介:
鲁大铭(1992-), 男, 陕西西安人, 博士生, 研究方向为人地耦合系统脆弱性与乡村转型发展。E-mail:ludm@pku.edu.cn
基金资助:
LU Daming1,2, YANG Xinjun1,3(), SHI Yuzhong4, WANG Ziqiao1
Received:
2018-04-19
Revised:
2019-11-29
Published:
2020-02-25
Online:
2020-04-25
Supported by:
摘要:
农户生计方式的改变对研究黄土高原乡村转型发展具有重要意义。以黄土高原苹果优生区的彬县、长武县和旬邑县为研究区,从体制转换的视角出发,基于模糊层次分析、地理探测器和多元线性回归等算法,模拟乡村体制演化的路径,甄别影响乡村转型发展的微观要素,进一步揭示农户家庭体制转换与乡村转型发展之间的互馈机理。研究发现:① 在研究区内抽样选择的130个乡村中,传统农业体制型乡村共有27个,主要分布于黄土梁地貌类型区,新型农业体制型乡村共有96个,主要分布于黄土塬地貌类型区,非农体制型乡村共有7个,主要分布于河谷地貌类型区;② 当乡村地域系统由传统农业型体制向新型农业型体制转变,再至非农型体制的演化路径中,乡村转型发展度在三维空间坐标系中为倒“U”型变化趋势,乡村人口发展度在二维坐标系中表现为下凸递增趋势,乡村经济发展度在二维坐标系中表现为上凸递增趋势,农业经济发展度在二维坐标系中表现为倒“U”型发展趋势;③ 生计方式成为衔接农户家庭体制转换与乡村转型发展的控制性因素,在农户尺度上,由人力资本与自然资本决定,并直接影响到金融资本和物质资本,在村域尺度上,通过与乡村地域系统的人口、经济和农业等3个维度的响应,引导乡村转型发展过程。
鲁大铭, 杨新军, 石育中, 王子侨. 黄土高原乡村体制转换与转型发展[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(2): 348-364.
LU Daming, YANG Xinjun, SHI Yuzhong, WANG Ziqiao. Rural regime shifts and transformation development on the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(2): 348-364.
表3
黄土高原乡村发展度评价指标体系
准则层 | 准则层权重 | 指标层 | 计算方法 | 指标层权重 |
---|---|---|---|---|
乡村人口发展度 | 0.31 | 人口密度(人/km2) | 总人口/村域面积 | 0.0933 |
人均受教育水平(年/人) | 受教育年限总和/总人口 | 0.0635 | ||
人口增长率(%) | 新增人口/总人口 | 0.0698 | ||
劳动力人口占比(%) | 劳动力人口/总人口 | 0.0834 | ||
乡村经济发展度 | 0.35 | 人均年收入(%) | 经济收入总值/总人口 | 0.1061 |
人均固定资产产值(万元/人) | 固定资产总值/总人口 | 0.0681 | ||
经济组织数量(个) | 家庭农场数量+农业合作社数量 | 0.0799 | ||
非农收入比重(%) | 非农业收入总值/经济收入总值 | 0.0959 | ||
农业生产发展度 | 0.34 | 亩均经济产值(万元/亩) | 农业总产值/耕地面积 | 0.0896 |
人均耕地面积(亩/人) | 耕地面积/总人口 | 0.0820 | ||
人均农业科技人员配置率(%) | 农业科技人员总人数/总人口 | 0.0799 | ||
单位耕地面积化肥使用量(t/hm2) | 化肥使用总量/耕地面积 | 0.0885 |
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