多元交通流视角下的空间级联系统比较与地理空间约束

doi:10.11821/dlxb201912005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

交通运输联系是区域空间级联系统与城市体系结构研究的重要视角之一,而不同交通运输方式表达的级联体系结构亦存在一定的差异。为综合研究交通运输体系刻画的空间级联系统及克服单一交通方式的局限性,基于长途汽车、高铁和航班时刻表数据,比较分析了多元交通网络的空间级联体系结构及其表达的城市网络组织体系,并进一步揭示了地理空间的约束作用。研究发现：① 每种交通运输方式适合在一定的空间尺度和行政范围内刻画和表达城市网络体系结构与城市联系,公路客运受省域行政范围约束,高铁联系具有廊道影响效应,航空运输体现全国和区域尺度较高层次的社会经济联系。② 从旅客直达视角分析,长途汽车与高铁的城际运输市场重叠最大,近年来长途汽车的运输市场受高铁影响明显。③ 地理空间是影响陆路交通运输和组织的重要约束因子,距离衰减效应明显;结合设施空间、行政空间和管理体制的作用,长途汽车和高铁运输在空间上形成分异的社区结构;航空运输由于具有超空间连接特性,既不遵循距离衰减规律,社区结构也并不明显。

关键词: 公路运输, 高铁运输, 航空运输, 城市体系, 地理空间, 设施空间

Abstract:

Transportation connection has always been one of the important perspectives of studying spatial cascading systems and urban systems. Based on the timetable data in 2018 of inter-city coach, high-speed train and aviation, this paper builds networks of the three modes of transportation in China. Through the methods of the city-pair connectivity and community detection, this paper compares the spatial structure and linkage systems of multi-traffic flow network and reveals the geospatial constraints. The research results show that: (1) Different modes of transportation are suitable for portraying urban systems on different spatial and administrative scales. Inter-city coaches are constrained by the provincial administrative boundaries. High-speed train network shows the effect of corridors especially along the main trunks. The aviation network reflects the spatial relationship at the national scale. (2) From the perspective of the direct accessibility, there is a large spatial overlap between inter-city coaches and high-speed trains, and the market of inter-city coaches is obviously squeezed in recent years. For air transport, its frequency advantage mainly concentrates on the city-pairs with a long distance. The competition and complementarity of the three modes of transportation have a great impact on the urban system and are useful for the understanding of the spatial cascading system. (3) Geographical space, infrastructure space and administrative space constraint and management system are important factors affecting the transportation networks. Inter-city coach network and high-speed train network are obviously affected by distance attenuation effects, and they present significant community structures in the two networks, but their communities have different spatial characteristics. However, air transport does not follow the constraint of distance attenuation, and there is not an obvious community structure in the network. Factors related to the passenger transport market, such as social and economic links and tourism resources, play the important roles in the aviation network structure.

Key words: road transportation, high-speed train, air transport, urban system, geographic space, infrastructure space

王姣娥, 杜德林, 金凤君. 多元交通流视角下的空间级联系统比较与地理空间约束[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(12): 2482-2494.

WANG Jiao'e, DU Delin, JIN Fengjun. Comparison of spatial structure and linkage systems and geographic constraints: A perspective of multiple traffic flows[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(12): 2482-2494.

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交通网络	城市数量 (个)	城市发送/到达量(趟/日)				城市对数量 (对)	城市对运输联系(趟/日)
交通网络	城市数量 (个)	平均值	最大值	最小值	标准差	城市对数量 (对)	平均值	最大值	最小值	标准差
长途汽车	361	544.4	6962	1	726.16	9208	10.7	780	0.25	30.90
高铁列车	229	164.0	1128	4	175.12	6856	23.2	694	1	42.84
航空运输	192	119.2	1452	1	230.42	2237	5.1	106	0.14	8.46

位序	城市			城市对
位序	长途汽车	高铁列车	航空运输	长途汽车	高铁列车	航空运输
1	深圳	广州	上海	广州—深圳	南京—无锡	北京—上海
2	广州	南京	北京	漳州—厦门	上海—南京	上海—深圳
3	武汉	上海	广州	广州—东莞	上海—苏州	上海—广州
4	东莞	武汉	西安	深圳—东莞	南京—苏州	北京—成都
5	南京	无锡	昆明	广州—佛山	南京—常州	北京—深圳
6	上海	长沙	成都	深圳—惠州	上海—无锡	上海—成都
7	郑州	北京	深圳	广州—珠海	无锡—常州	上海—重庆
8	南宁	杭州	重庆	厦门—泉州	广州—深圳	北京—广州
9	中山	深圳	杭州	深圳—佛山	上海—常州	上海—青岛
10	珠海	常州	南京	广州—中山	无锡—苏州	昆明—西双版纳

交通网络(RSL)		第一层级(≥ 5)	第二层级(3~5)	第三层级(1~3)	第四层级(0.5~1)	第五层级(0~0.5)
长途汽车	城市对(个)	4(0.04)	12(0.13)	162(1.76)	260(2.82)	8770(95.25)
	运输班次(趟/日)	2457(2.50)	4569(4.65)	25527(25.96)	18335(18.65)	47434(48.24)
高铁列车	城市对(个)	0(0.00)	7(0.10)	105(1.53)	341(4.94)	6403(93.43)
	运输班次(趟/日)	0(0.00)	4109(2.58)	24499(15.38)	37734(23.69)	92940(58.35)
航空运输	城市对(个)	10(0.45)	28(1.25)	224(10.01)	250(11.18)	1725(77.11)
	运输班次(趟/日)	747(6.53)	1207(10.55)	4052(35.41)	1998(17.46)	3438(30.05)

交通网络	重叠网络				相异网络
交通网络	长途汽车与高铁列车	长途汽车与航空运输	高铁列车与航空运输	三者重叠	长途汽车与高铁列车	长途汽车与航空运输	高铁列车与航空运输	三者完全相异
长途汽车	54.0	11.5	-	5.7	46.0	88.5	-	40.2
高铁列车	76.7	-	10.7	9.1	23.3	-	89.3	21.8
航空运输	-	70.7	54.2	44.6	-	29.3	45.8	19.7