黄土丘陵区生态系统服务供需匹配研究——以兰州市为例

doi:10.11821/dlxb201909016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态系统服务的持续供给是社会和自然可持续发展的基础,人类通过对生态系统服务的消费来满足需求和提高自身福祉。研究生态系统服务的供给和人类对生态系统服务的需求与消费,分析生态系统服务的供需特征与空间权衡关系,对区域生态系统的管理和资源的有效配置具有重要意义。以兰州市为例,利用全市2017年土地覆被、气象观测和统计年鉴等多源数据,应用InVEST模型、ArcGIS和GeoDA等空间分析工具,计算了研究区产水、食物供给、碳固持和土壤保持等4项服务的供给量及需求量,并对区域内生态系统服务的供需匹配状况进行了分析与评价。结果表明：① 兰州市各项生态系统服务的供给与需求空间异质性显著,各项服务总供给量均大于总需求量,且在不同区域与不同生态系统服务之间存在明显差异;② 兰州市综合生态系统服务供需比为0.039,不同生态系统服务供需匹配状况存在差异,产水服务（0.098）>碳固持服务（0.066）>食物供给服务（0.030）>土壤保持服务（0.001）,且城乡供需匹配差异显著;③ 兰州市生态系统服务供需空间匹配有“高高型空间匹配”、“低低型空间匹配”、“高低型空间错位”和“低高型空间错位”4种类型,且各项服务的主导空间匹配类型有所不同;④ 兰州市各项生态系统服务的供需平衡状况存在明显的协同作用,分别是“高高协同”与“低低协同”。

关键词: 黄土丘陵区, 生态系统服务, 供需匹配, 空间差异

Abstract:

The sustainable supply of ecosystem services is the basis of the sustainable development. Human beings satisfy the demand and improve their own well-being through the consumption of ecosystem services. It is of great significance for the management of regional ecosystems and the effective allocation of resources to study the demand and consumption of ecosystem services and to analyze the supply and demand characteristics of ecosystem services and their spatial trade-offs. Based on the multi-source data such as land cover, meteorological observation and statistical yearbook in Lanzhou in 2017, the spatial analysis tools including InVEST model, ArcGIS and GeoDA were used to calculate the supply and demand of water yield, food supply, carbon storage and soil conservation. The supply and demand matching of ecosystem services in the study area was analyzed and evaluated. The results show that: (1) The supply and demand of ecosystem services have obvious spatial heterogeneity. The total supply of services is greater than the total demand, but there are differences between different sub-regions and different kinds of ecosystem services. (2) The supply-demand ratio of comprehensive ecosystem services is 0.039. There are differences in supply-demand matching of different kinds of ecosystem services: water yield service (0.098) > carbon storage service (0.066) > food supply service (0.030) > soil conservation service (0.001), and there are significant differences in supply-demand matching between urban and rural areas. (3) There are different kinds of spatial matching pattern between supply and demand of ecosystem services, including "high-high spatial matching", "low-low spatial matching", "high-low spatial dislocation" and "low-high spatial dislocation". (4) There are obvious synergic effects in the balance of supply and demand of services in Lanzhou, which are "high-high synergy" and "low-low synergy".

Key words: loess hilly region, ecosystem services, supply and demand matching, spatial differentiation

刘立程, 刘春芳, 王川, 李鹏杰. 黄土丘陵区生态系统服务供需匹配研究——以兰州市为例[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(9): 1921-1937.

LIU Licheng, LIU Chunfang, WANG Chuan, LI Pengjie. Supply and demand matching of ecosystem services in loess hilly region: A case study of Lanzhou[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(9): 1921-1937.

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	产水服务(m³·hm^-2)		食物供给服务(t·km^-2)		碳固持服务(t·km^-2)		土壤保持服务(t·hm^-2)
	供给	需求	供给	需求	供给	需求	供给	需求
兰州市	2570.17	343.82	376.41	113.38	4625.65	841.37	24.53	13.19
城关区	2442.38	5903.54	79.62	1946.84	5959.09	14446.41	21.42	9.40
七里河区	2666.76	1555.42	816.52	1147.00	7034.88	3806.24	57.59	8.09
安宁区	2459.80	3228.87	113.25	1693.93	5159.55	7901.30	10.38	9.71
西固区	2617.93	587.88	270.99	209.87	5220.65	1438.59	26.94	16.79
红古区	2824.80	313.02	269.59	103.23	3992.89	766.00	15.63	18.29
榆中县	2574.14	235.00	690.80	77.50	6086.43	575.06	30.24	10.93
永登县	2733.25	169.03	301.32	55.74	3649.31	413.64	25.95	16.20
皋兰县	2054.09	111.61	115.71	36.81	4609.20	273.12	9.06	7.96

	产水服务供需比	食物供给服务供需比	碳固持服务供需比	土壤保持服务供需比	综合供需比
兰州市	0.098	0.030	0.066	0.001	0.039
城关区	-0.152	-0.215	-0.148	0.001	-0.102
七里河区	0.048	0.035	0.057	0.005	0.028
安宁区	-0.033	-0.110	-0.047	0.000	-0.038
西固区	0.089	0.009	0.066	0.001	0.033
红古区	0.111	0.020	0.057	0.000	0.037
榆中县	0.103	0.071	0.096	0.002	0.054
永登县	0.086	0.028	0.057	0.001	0.034
皋兰县	0.113	0.009	0.076	0.000	0.040

生态系统服务对	Moran's I指数
产水—食物供给	0.638
产水—碳固持	0.657
产水—土壤保持	0.015
食物供给—碳固持	0.630
食物供给—土壤保持	0.072
土壤保持—碳固持	0.136