陕北地区退耕还林还草工程土壤保护效应的时空特征

doi:10.11821/dlxb201909010

地理学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (9): 1835-1852.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201909010

陕北地区退耕还林还草工程土壤保护效应的时空特征

刘文超^1,²,刘纪远¹(),匡文慧¹

^1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层格局与模拟院重点实验室,北京 100101
^2. 天津师范大学地理与环境科学学院,天津 300387

收稿日期:2018-11-09 修回日期:2019-07-27 出版日期:2019-09-25 发布日期:2019-09-25
通讯作者: 刘纪远
作者简介:刘文超(1986-), 男, 天津人, 讲师, 博士后, 主要从事土地利用/覆盖变化及宏观生态效应研究。E-mail: dorayliu@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0500204);天津师范大学博士基金(52XB1622)

Spatiotemporal patterns of soil protection effect of the Grain for Green Project in northern Shaanxi

LIU Wenchao^1,²,LIU Jiyuan¹(),KUANG Wenhui¹

^1. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
^2. School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China

Received:2018-11-09 Revised:2019-07-27 Online:2019-09-25 Published:2019-09-25
Contact: LIU Jiyuan
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0500204);Doctor Foundation of Tianjin Normal University(52XB1622)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以中国退耕还林生态工程重点区域陕北地区作为研究区,基于耕地遥感监测数据集,分析了陕北地区2000-2013年耕地的时空变化特征;基于梯田空间分布,对RUSLE模型进行改进,模拟生成陕北地区土壤侵蚀模数栅格数据并进行精度验证;最后结合耕地变化数据集对陕北地区退耕还林（草）地及未退耕地的土壤侵蚀变化特征进行对比分析,以明确工程对全区土壤侵蚀变化的影响。结果表明,2000-2010年,陕北退耕农田内部侵蚀模数减少了22.70 t/hm ²,是退耕农田区2000年土壤侵蚀模数的47.08%。同期,陕北地区未退耕农田侵蚀模数减少了10.99 t/hm ²,占未退耕农田区域2000年土壤侵蚀模数的28.60%。从陕北全区的角度看,各种土地利用类型2000-2010年土壤侵蚀模数平均减少了14.51 t/hm ²,占2000年全区土壤侵蚀模数的41.87%。由此可见,退耕还林还草工程可以有效减少土壤侵蚀模数,达到土壤保护的作用。其中,由耕地转为林草所导致的侵蚀减少最为显著,对土壤保护的贡献作用最大。但是,2010年以后（2010-2013年）为退耕还林还草巩固时期,因此该阶段陕北地区土壤侵蚀模数和土壤侵蚀量变化较前10年显著降低。

关键词: 陕北, 退耕还林还草, 遥感, RUSLE, 土壤侵蚀, 土壤保护

Abstract:

The study took northern Shaanxi, a key region of Grain for Green Project, as the research area. We firstly analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of cropland during 2000-2013 using the remotely sensed time series cropland. The RUSLE model was improved by taking terraced fields as a parameter, and then the soil erosion modulus (SEM) was simulated using the calibrated model. Finally, the impacts of the Grain for Green Project on the soil erosion were assessed by comparing SEM changes in shifted and unshifted cropland. The results indicated that, the SEM across the areas of "Grain for Green" decreased by 22.70 t/hm ² from 2000 to 2010, accounting for 47.08% of that from the returned cropland in 2000. In the same period, the SEM from the unreturned cropland decreased by 10.99 t/hm ², accounting for 28.60% of that from the unreturned land in 2000. For the whole study area, the SEM of different land use types averagely decreased by 14.51 t/hm ², which is 41.87% of the SEM in northern Shaanxi in 2000. We concluded that "Grain for Green" could effectively reduce the SEM in northern Shaanxi and made the most contribution to soil protection. The Grain for Green Project entered a consolidation period after 2000 (during 2010-2013 in this study), and changes of the SEM during this period were thus relatively low.

Key words: northern Shaanxi, Grain for Green Project, remote sensing, RUSLE, soil erosion, soil protection

刘文超, 刘纪远, 匡文慧. 陕北地区退耕还林还草工程土壤保护效应的时空特征[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(9): 1835-1852.

LIU Wenchao, LIU Jiyuan, KUANG Wenhui. Spatiotemporal patterns of soil protection effect of the Grain for Green Project in northern Shaanxi[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(9): 1835-1852.

图/表 20

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

表2

图5

表3

图6

表4

表5

图7

表6

图8

表7

图9

图10

图11

表8

表9

参考文献 41

[1]	Wang Xiaoping, Li Hongyi . Study on ecological restoration and reconstruction in the Loess Plateau. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2006(6):23-25.
	[ 王小平, 李弘毅 . 黄土高原生态恢复与重建研究. 中国水土保持, 2006(6):23-25.]
[2]	Yan Junping. Ecological Environment Construction and System Innovation in Northwest, China. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 2004.
	[ 延军平 . 中国西北生态环境建设与制度创新. 北京: 中国社会科学出版社, 2004.]
[3]	Chen Jiansheng. Grain for Green Project with Sustainable Development of the Western China. Chengdu: Southwestern University of Finance and Economics Press, 2006.
	[ 陈健生 . 退耕还林与西部可持续发展 . 成都: 西南财经大学出版社, 2006.]
[4]	Jia Xiaojuan, Chang Qingrui, Xue Aliang , et al. Ecological effects of Returning Farmland to Forest Land in the Loess Gully and Hilly Region. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2008,28(3):182-185.
	[ 贾晓娟, 常庆瑞, 薛阿亮等. 黄土高原丘陵沟壑区退耕还林生态效应评价. 水土保持通报, 2008,28(3):182-185.]
[5]	Han Xinhui . Research on Ecological Effect and Mechanism of Forestry (Grass) Project in Loess Plateau[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2008.
	[ 韩新辉 . 黄土高原退耕还林还草工程生态效应及作用机理研究[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2008.]
[6]	Fan Jie . Draft of major function oriented zoning of China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015,70(2):186-201.
	[ 樊杰 . 中国主体功能区划方案. 地理学报, 2015,70(2):186-201.]
[7]	Xu Yong, Liu Yanhua, Tang Qing . National major function oriented zoning and ecological environment restoration of the Loess Plateau. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2009,16(6):1-5.
	[ 徐勇, 刘艳华, 汤青 . 国家主体功能区划与黄土高原生态恢复. 水土保持研究, 2009,16(6):1-5.]
[8]	Liu Dongsheng. Loess and Environment. Beijing: Science Press, 1985, 176-190.
	[ 刘东生 . 黄土与环境. 北京: 科学出版社, 1985, 176-190.]
[9]	Huang Zhilin, Fu Bojie, Chen Liding . Restructure and restoration of ecosystem in Loess Plateau based on restoration ecology. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2002,16(3):122-125.
	[ 黄志霖, 傅伯杰, 陈利顶 . 恢复生态学与黄土高原生态系统的恢复与重建问题. 水土保持学报, 2002,16(3):122-125.]
[10]	Liang Zongsuo, Zuo Changqing, Jiao Juren . The role of ecology restore on soil and water consternation in Loess Plateau. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2003,18(1):20-24.
	[ 梁宗锁, 左长清, 焦巨仁 . 生态修复在黄土高原水土保持中的作用. 西北林学院学报, 2003,18(1):20-24.]
[11]	Study of Critical Environmental Problems. Man's Impact on the Global Environment. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1970.
[12]	Ouyang Zhiyun, Wang Rusong . Ecosystem services and their economic valuation. World Sci-Tech R & D, 2000(5):45-50.
	[ 欧阳志云, 王如松 . 生态系统服务功能、生态价值与可持续发展. 世界科技研究与发展, 2000(5):45-50.]
[13]	Fu Suhua, Liu Baoyuan . Evolution of the soil erosion model. Advance in Earth Sciences, 2002,17(1):78-84.
	[ 符素华, 刘宝元 . 土壤侵蚀量预报模型研究进展. 地球科学进展, 2002,17(1):78-84.]
[14]	Ellision W D . Soil erosion studies. Agricultural Engineering, 1947,28(4):145-146.
[15]	Rose C W, Williams J R, Sander G C , et al. A mathematical model of soil erosion and deposition processes: I: Theory for a plane land element. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1983,47(5):991-995.
[16]	Morgan R . The European soil erosion model: An update on its structure and research base//Rickson R. Conserving Soil Resources: European Perspectives. Cambridge: CAB International, 1994: 286-299.
[17]	De Roo A, Wesseling C G, Ritsma C G . LISEM: A single- event, physical based hydrological and soils erosion model for drainage basin, I: Theory, input and output. Hydrological Processes, 1996,10(8):1107-1117.
[18]	Wang Lixian, Wu Changwen . Study on the mechanism of soil conservation effect of forested hillslope. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 1994,16(4):1-7.
	[ 王礼先, 吴长文 . 陡坡林地坡面保土作用机理. 北京林业大学学报, 1994,16(4):1-7.]
[19]	Cai Qiangguo, Wang Guiping, Chen Yongzong. Erosion and Sediment Yield Process and Simulation in Small Watershed of Loess Plateau. Beijing: Science Press, 1998.
	[ 蔡强国, 王贵平, 陈永宗 . 黄土高原小流域侵蚀产沙过程与模拟 . 北京: 科学出版社, 1998.]
[20]	Renard K G, Foster G R, Weesies G A , et al. Predicting soil erosion by water: a guide to conservation planning with the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). USDA Agriculture Handbook (Washington), 1997,703:27-28.
[21]	Liu B Y, Nearing M A, Shi P J , et al. Slope length effects on soil loss for steep slopes. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2000,64(5):1759-1763.
[22]	Jiang Zhongshan, Liu Zhi, Jia Zhiwei . Research for relationships between topograpic factors and loss of soil and water on sloping land. Memoir of NISWC, Academic Sinica & Ministry of Water Conservancy, 1990(12):1-3.
	[ 江忠善, 刘志, 贾志伟 . 地形因素与坡地水土流失关系的研究. 中国科学院水利部西北水土保持研究所集刊, 1990(12):1-3.]
[23]	Wang Wanzhong . A study on rainfall erosion R index in Loess Region. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 1987(12):34-40.
	[ 王万忠 . 黄土地区降雨侵蚀力R指标的研究. 中国水土保持, 1987(12):34-40.]
[24]	Gao Guangyao, Fu Bojie, Lv Yihe , et al. The effect of land cover pattern on hillslope soil and water loss in the arid and semi-arid region: A review. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013,33(1):12-22.
	[ 高光耀, 傅伯杰, 吕一河等. 干旱半干旱区坡面覆被格局的水土流失效应研究进展. 生态学报, 2013,33(1):12-22.]
[25]	Fu Bojie, Zhao Wenwu, Chen Liding , et al. Multi-scale soil erosion evaluation index. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2006,51(16):1936-1943.
	[ 傅伯杰, 赵文武, 陈利顶 , 等. 多尺度土壤侵蚀评价指数. 科学通报, 2006,51(16):1936-1943.]
[26]	Gao Wangsheng, Dong Xiaobin . Valuation of fragile agriculture ecosystem services in loess hilly-gully region: A case study of Ansai County. Journal of Natural Resources, 2003,18(2):182-188.
	[ 高旺盛, 董孝斌 . 黄土高原丘陵沟壑区脆弱农业生态系统服务评价: 以安塞县为例. 自然资源学报, 2003,18(2):182-188.]
[27]	Cai Qiangguo, Lu Zhaoxiong, Wang Guiping . Process-based soil erosion and sediment YIEID model in a small basin in the Hilly Loess Region. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1996,51(2):108-117.
	[ 蔡强国, 陆兆熊, 王贵平 . 黄土丘陵沟壑区典型小流域侵蚀产沙过程模型. 地理学报, 1996,51(2):108-117.]
[28]	Li Qiang, Xu Mingxiang, Zhao Yunge , et al. Gully erosion soil quality assessment on the cultivated slope land in the Loess Plateau Region, China. Journal of Natural Resources, 2012,27(6):1001-1012.
	[ 李强, 许明祥, 赵允格 , 等. 黄土高原坡耕地沟蚀土壤质量评价. 自然资源学报, 2012,27(6):1001-1012.]
[29]	Wang Tao . Quantitative Analysis on influencing factors of soil erosion using RUSLE: A case study of the Luohe Basin in northern Shanxi Province. Environmental Science & Technology, 2018,41(8):170-177.
	[ 王涛 . 基于RUSLE模型的土壤侵蚀影响因素定量评估: 以陕北洛河流域为例. 环境科学与技术, 2018,41(8):170-177.]
[30]	Song Fuqiang, Xing Kaixiong, Liu Yang , et al. Monitoring and assessment of vegetation variation in northern Shaanxi based on MODIS/NDVI. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011,31(2):354-363.
	[ 宋富强, 邢开雄, 刘阳 , 等. 基于MODIS/NDVI的陕北地区植被动态监测与评价. 生态学报, 2011,31(2):354-363.]
[31]	Statistics Bureau of Shaanxi Province. Shaanxi Statistical Yearbook. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2010.
	[ 陕西省统计局. 陕西统计年鉴. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2010.]
[32]	Liu Jiyuan, Liu Mingliang, Zhuang Dafang , et al. Study on spatial pattern of land-use change in China during 1995-2000. Science in China, 2003,46(4):373-384.
[33]	Zhang Wenbo, Xie Yun, Liu Baoyuan . Rainfall erosivity estimation using daily rainfall amounts. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2002,22(6):705-711.
	[ 章文波, 谢云, 刘宝元 . 利用日雨量计算降雨侵蚀力的方法研究. 地理科学, 2002,22(6):705-711.]
[34]	Wischmeier W H, Johnson C B, Cross B V . A soil erodibility nomograph for farmland and construction sites. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1971,26(5):189-193.
[35]	Williams J, Jones C, Dyke P . Modeling approach to determining the relationship between erosion and soil productivity. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1984,27(1):129-144.
[36]	McCool D K, Foster G R, Mutchler C K , et al. Revised slope length factor for the universal soil loss equation. Transactions of the ASAE, 1989,32:1571-1576.
[37]	Liu B Y, Nearing M A, Risse L M . Slope gradient effects on soil loss for steep slopes. Transactions of the ASAE, 1994,37:1835-1840.
[38]	Cai Chongfa, Ding Shuwen, Shi Zhihua , et al. Study of applying USLE and geographical information system IDRISI to predict soil erosion in small watershed. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2000,14(2):19-24.
	[ 蔡崇法, 丁树文, 史志华等. 应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究. 水土保持学报, 2000,14(2):19-24.]
[39]	You Songcai, Li Wenqing . Estimation of soil erosion supported by GIS: A case study in Guanxi Township, Taihe, Jiangxi. Journal of Natural Resources, 1999,14(1):63-69.
	[ 游松财, 李文卿 . GIS支持下的土壤侵蚀量估算: 以江西省泰和县灌溪乡为例. 自然资源学报, 1999,14(1):63-69.]
[40]	Xu Yueqing, Shao Xiaomei . Estimation of soil erosion supported by GIS and RUSLE: A case study of Maotiaohe Watershed, Guizhou Province. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2006,28(4):67-71.
	[ 许月卿, 邵晓梅 . 基于GIS和RUSLE的土壤侵蚀量计算: 以贵州省猫跳河流域为例. 北京林业大学学报, 2006,28(4):67-71.]
[41]	Li Tianhong, Zheng Lina . Soil erosion changes in the Yanhe Watershed from 2001 to 2010 based on RUSLE Model. Journal of Natural Resources, 2012,27(7):1164-1175.
	[ 李天宏, 郑丽娜 . 基于RUSLE模型的延河流域2001-2010年土壤侵蚀动态变化. 自然资源学报, 2012,27(7):1164-1175.]

一级类型	二级类型	强度等级
1 水力侵蚀	11 面蚀	111微度 112轻度 113中度
	11 面蚀	114强度 115极强度 116剧烈
	12 沟蚀	121微度 122轻度 123中度
	12 沟蚀	124强度 125极强度 126剧烈
2 风力侵蚀	20 不作亚类划分	201微度 202轻度 203中度
2 风力侵蚀	20 不作亚类划分	204强度 205极强度 206剧烈
3 冻融侵蚀	30 不作亚类划分	301微度 302轻度 303中度
3 冻融侵蚀	30 不作亚类划分	304强度
4 重力侵蚀	40 不作亚类划分	不作强度分级
5 人为侵蚀	50 不作亚类划分	不作强度分级

分级	平均侵蚀模数(t/hm²·a)
1 微度侵蚀	< 10
2轻度侵蚀	10~25
3 中度侵蚀	25~50
4 强度侵蚀	50~80
5 极强度侵蚀	80~150
6 剧烈侵蚀	≥ 150

侵蚀分级	理论值 (t/hm2)	验证点 (个)	模拟值在理论值范围内的点(个)	判对率 (%)	2005年模型模拟均值(t/hm2)
微度侵蚀	< 10	50	38	76.00	7.89
轻度侵蚀	10~25	46	33	71.74	17.90
中度侵蚀	25~50	56	39	69.64	37.29
强度侵蚀	50~80	46	28	60.87	61.61
极强度侵蚀	80~150	50	37	74.00	89.43
剧烈侵蚀	≥ 150	73	38	52.05	123.42

站点名称	集水面积 (hm²)	输沙量 (万t)	输沙模数 (t/hm²)
温家川	86.45	1100	12.72
白家川	296.62	9600	32.36
甘谷驿	58.91	2200	37.35
黄甫川	31.99	1400	43.76
状头	251.54	7000	27.83
龙门	4975.52	23640	4.75

	2000年		2010年		2013年
	土壤侵蚀量(万t)	比例^*(%)	土壤侵蚀量(万t)	比例^*(%)	土壤侵蚀量(万t)	比例^*(%)
延安地区	11856.38	43.13	6484.56	40.59	5503.15	35.46
榆林地区	15631.69	56.87	9493.14	59.41	10016.61	64.54

陕北地区退耕还林还草工程土壤保护效应的时空特征

Spatiotemporal patterns of soil protection effect of the Grain for Green Project in northern Shaanxi

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 20

参考文献 41

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

类型变化	全区		延安地区		榆林地区
类型变化	土壤侵蚀量(万t)	比例^*(%)	土壤侵蚀量(万t)	比例^*(%)	土壤侵蚀量(万t)	比例^*(%)
耕地→林地	-217.11	-43.91	-129.05	-43.18	-88.06	-45.02
耕地→草地	-654.29	-48.51	-391.28	-47.93	-263.01	-49.39
耕地→水域	-0.26	-24.49	-0.10	-33.99	-0.16	-20.94
耕地→建设用地	-13.84	-38.31	-7.57	-43.10	-6.28	-33.79
耕地→未利用地	-0.40	-28.14	-0.19	-25.72	-0.21	-30.75
耕地减少合计	-885.90	-47.08	-528.18	-46.59	-357.71	-47.82

类型变化	全区		延安地区		榆林地区
类型变化	土壤侵蚀量(t)	比例^*(%)	土壤侵蚀量(t)	比例(%)	土壤侵蚀量(t)	比例^*(%)
耕地→林地	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
耕地→草地	-45.50	-51.98	0.00	0.00	-45.50	-51.98
耕地→水域	-295.72	-7.24	-44.67	-4.67	-251.05	-8.02
耕地→建设用地	-2162.13	-15.32	130.87	3.05	-2293.00	-23.35
耕地→未利用地	1880.37	10.26	-193.36	-43.39	2073.73	11.59
耕地减少合计	-622.97	-1.70	-107.17	-1.88	-515.81	-1.67

	2000年侵蚀模数均值(t/hm²)	2010年侵蚀模数均值(t/hm²)	2000-2010年侵蚀模数变化率(%)
退耕区	48.22	25.52	-47.08
未退耕区	38.41	27.43	-28.60
全陕北地区	34.66	20.15	-41.87

	2000年侵蚀模数均值(t/hm²)	2010年侵蚀模数均值(t/hm²)	2000-2010年侵蚀模数变化率(%)
退耕梯田	15.21	14.58	-4.17
退耕坡耕地	50.66	26.30	-48.09
未退耕梯田	16.74	15.84	-5.38
未退耕坡耕地	41.57	29.12	-29.95

[1]	徐晨晨, 叶虎平, 岳焕印, 谭翔, 廖小罕. 城镇化区域无人机低空航路网迭代构建的理论体系与技术路径[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(5): 917-930.
[2]	王晓茹, 唐志光, 王建, 王欣, 魏俊锋. 基于MODIS积雪产品的高亚洲融雪末期雪线高度遥感监测[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(3): 470-484.
[3]	姚永慧, 张俊瑶, 索南东主. 南北过渡带1∶5万植被类型图遥感制图案例研究[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(3): 620-630.
[4]	周成虎, 孙九林, 苏奋振, 杨晓梅, 裴韬, 葛咏, 杨雅萍, 张岸, 廖小罕, 陆锋, 高星, 付东杰. 地理信息科学发展与技术应用[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(12): 2593-2609.
[5]	余姝辰, 王伦澈, 夏卫平, 余德清, 李长安, 贺秋华. 清末以来洞庭湖区通江湖泊的时空演变[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(11): 2346-2361.
[6]	赵贵宁, 张正勇, 刘琳, 徐丽萍, 王璞玉, 李丽, 宁珊. 基于多源遥感数据的玛纳斯河流域冰川物质平衡变化[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(1): 98-112.
[7]	隆院男,闫世雄,蒋昌波,吴长山,李志威,唐蓉. 基于多源遥感影像的洞庭湖地形提取方法[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(7): 1467-1481.
[8]	杨成德, 王欣, 魏俊峰, 刘琼欢, 鲁安新, 张勇, 唐志光. 基于3S技术方法的中国冰湖编目[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(3): 544-556.
[9]	王欢,高江波,侯文娟. 基于地理探测器的喀斯特不同地貌形态类型区土壤侵蚀定量归因[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(9): 1674-1686.
[10]	范科科,张强,史培军,孙鹏,余慧倩. 基于卫星遥感和再分析数据的青藏高原土壤湿度数据评估[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(9): 1778-1791.
[11]	陈玮彤,张东,崔丹丹,吕林,谢伟军,施顺杰,侯泽宇. 基于遥感的江苏省大陆岸线岸滩时空演变[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(7): 1365-1380.
[12]	刘纪远,宁佳,匡文慧,徐新良,张树文,颜长珍,李仁东,吴世新,胡云锋,杜国明,迟文峰,潘涛,宁静. 2010-2015年中国土地利用变化的时空格局与新特征[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(5): 789-802.
[13]	钱庆欢,王世杰,白晓永,周德全,田义超,李琴,吴路华,肖建勇,曾成,陈飞. 基于允许流失量和正负地形源汇理论的喀斯特关键带土壤侵蚀研究[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(11): 2135-2149.
[14]	钟莉娜, 王军, 赵文武. 多流域降雨和土地利用格局对土壤侵蚀影响的比较分析——以陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区为例[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(3): 432-443.
[15]	吴炳方, 张淼. 从遥感观测数据到数据产品[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(11): 2093-2111.