地理学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (9): 1835-1852.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201909010
收稿日期:
2018-11-09
修回日期:
2019-07-27
出版日期:
2019-09-25
发布日期:
2019-09-25
作者简介:
刘文超(1986-), 男, 天津人, 讲师, 博士后, 主要从事土地利用/覆盖变化及宏观生态效应研究。E-mail: dorayliu@163.com
基金资助:
LIU Wenchao1,2,LIU Jiyuan1(),KUANG Wenhui1
Received:
2018-11-09
Revised:
2019-07-27
Published:
2019-09-25
Online:
2019-09-25
Supported by:
摘要:
以中国退耕还林生态工程重点区域陕北地区作为研究区,基于耕地遥感监测数据集,分析了陕北地区2000-2013年耕地的时空变化特征;基于梯田空间分布,对RUSLE模型进行改进,模拟生成陕北地区土壤侵蚀模数栅格数据并进行精度验证;最后结合耕地变化数据集对陕北地区退耕还林(草)地及未退耕地的土壤侵蚀变化特征进行对比分析,以明确工程对全区土壤侵蚀变化的影响。结果表明,2000-2010年,陕北退耕农田内部侵蚀模数减少了22.70 t/hm 2,是退耕农田区2000年土壤侵蚀模数的47.08%。同期,陕北地区未退耕农田侵蚀模数减少了10.99 t/hm 2,占未退耕农田区域2000年土壤侵蚀模数的28.60%。从陕北全区的角度看,各种土地利用类型2000-2010年土壤侵蚀模数平均减少了14.51 t/hm 2,占2000年全区土壤侵蚀模数的41.87%。由此可见,退耕还林还草工程可以有效减少土壤侵蚀模数,达到土壤保护的作用。其中,由耕地转为林草所导致的侵蚀减少最为显著,对土壤保护的贡献作用最大。但是,2010年以后(2010-2013年)为退耕还林还草巩固时期,因此该阶段陕北地区土壤侵蚀模数和土壤侵蚀量变化较前10年显著降低。
刘文超, 刘纪远, 匡文慧. 陕北地区退耕还林还草工程土壤保护效应的时空特征[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(9): 1835-1852.
LIU Wenchao, LIU Jiyuan, KUANG Wenhui. Spatiotemporal patterns of soil protection effect of the Grain for Green Project in northern Shaanxi[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(9): 1835-1852.
表6
2000-2010年陕北退耕导致的土壤侵蚀变化量
类型变化 | 全区 | 延安地区 | 榆林地区 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
土壤侵蚀量(万t) | 比例*(%) | 土壤侵蚀量(万t) | 比例*(%) | 土壤侵蚀量(万t) | 比例*(%) | |
耕地→林地 | -217.11 | -43.91 | -129.05 | -43.18 | -88.06 | -45.02 |
耕地→草地 | -654.29 | -48.51 | -391.28 | -47.93 | -263.01 | -49.39 |
耕地→水域 | -0.26 | -24.49 | -0.10 | -33.99 | -0.16 | -20.94 |
耕地→建设用地 | -13.84 | -38.31 | -7.57 | -43.10 | -6.28 | -33.79 |
耕地→未利用地 | -0.40 | -28.14 | -0.19 | -25.72 | -0.21 | -30.75 |
耕地减少合计 | -885.90 | -47.08 | -528.18 | -46.59 | -357.71 | -47.82 |
表7
2010-2013年陕北退耕导致的土壤侵蚀变化量
类型变化 | 全区 | 延安地区 | 榆林地区 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
土壤侵蚀量(t) | 比例*(%) | 土壤侵蚀量(t) | 比例(%) | 土壤侵蚀量(t) | 比例*(%) | |
耕地→林地 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
耕地→草地 | -45.50 | -51.98 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -45.50 | -51.98 |
耕地→水域 | -295.72 | -7.24 | -44.67 | -4.67 | -251.05 | -8.02 |
耕地→建设用地 | -2162.13 | -15.32 | 130.87 | 3.05 | -2293.00 | -23.35 |
耕地→未利用地 | 1880.37 | 10.26 | -193.36 | -43.39 | 2073.73 | 11.59 |
耕地减少合计 | -622.97 | -1.70 | -107.17 | -1.88 | -515.81 | -1.67 |
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