网络空间地理学的理论基础与技术路径

doi:10.11821/dlxb201909001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

网络空间作为人类活动新的空间形态,是人和信息的共同载体,网络空间安全是国家安全的重要基础。对网络空间的科学刻画,是网络事件分析、网络空间治理、网络安全保障的重要基石,也是信息化时代地理学研究拓展的新领域。在全球网络空间激烈竞争的背景下,亟需加强地理学与网络空间安全等学科的交叉融合,在传统地理学的基础上进行理论创新和方法创新,创建网络空间地理学。网络空间地理学是地理学研究内容从现实空间向虚拟空间的延伸,理论基础是从传统地理学的人地关系理论演变为人地网关系理论;研究内容包括构建网络空间、现实空间的映射关系,在网络空间重新定义传统地理学关于距离、区域等基本概念,构建网络空间可视化表达的语言、模型、方法体系,绘制网络空间地图,探究网络空间结构和行为的演变规律等;技术路径包括网络空间要素数据采集与融合、网络空间可视化表达、网络空间态势与行为智能认知等,其中智能认知涵盖了网络空间态势现状评估、网络热点事件传播与溯源分析、网络事件态势模拟与风险预测等。网络空间地理学的创建将为网络空间的科学认知、地理学与网络空间安全等学科建设以及国家网络安全防控和全球网络空间命运共同体的构建提供新视角。

关键词: 人地网关系, 网络空间地图, 网络空间, 地理空间, 可视化表达

Abstract:

As a new spatial form of human activities, cyberspace is the common carrier of human and information. Cyberspace security is an important foundation of national security. The scientific description of cyberspace is an important cornerstone of cyber event analysis, cyberspace governance and cyber security guarantee, and also a new field of geographic science research in the information age. In the context of rapid development and fierce competition in global cyberspace, it is urgent to strengthen the intergration of geography and cyberspace security, and to carry out theoretical and methodological innovations based on traditional geosciences, and to create cyberspace geography. Cyberspace geography is the extension of geoscience research content from real space to virtual space. Its theoretical basis has evolved from the traditional theory of man-land relationship to the theory of man-land-network relationship; its research contents include constructing the mapping relationship between cyberspace and real space, redefining the basic concepts of distance and region in cyberspace, constructing the language, model and method system of cyberspace visualization, drawing the cyberspace map and exploring the evolution laws of the structure and behavior of cyberspace; its technical path includes the data collection and fusion of cyberspace elements, the visualization of cyberspace and the intelligent cognition of cyberspace situation and behavior. The intelligent cognition covers the assessment of cyberspace situation, transmission and traceability analysis of network hot events, situation simulation and risk prediction of cyber events, etc. The establishment of cyberspace geography will certainly provide a new perspective for the scientific cognition of cyberspace, the discipline construction of geography and cyberspace security science, as well as the prevention and control of national cyber security and the construction of a community of common future in cyberspace.

Key words: man-land-network relationship, cyberspace map, cyberspace, geographical space, visualization

高春东, 郭启全, 江东, 王振波, 方创琳, 郝蒙蒙. 网络空间地理学的理论基础与技术路径[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(9): 1709-1722.

GAO Chundong, GUO Qiquan, JIANG Dong, WANG Zhenbo, FANG Chuanglin, HAO Mengmeng. The theoretical basis and technical path of cyberspace geography[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(9): 1709-1722.

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对象		地理空间与地理学	网络空间与网络空间地理学
空间表征		现实空间	虚拟空间
研究对象		人地关系	人地网关系
尺度表达		多种空间尺度	任意空间尺度
属性特征	基础设施	机场、港口、桥梁等基础设施	路由器、服务器等网络基础设施
	资源属性	实体资源有限的资源量	实体资源和虚拟资源无限的资源量
	行为属性	物质流、能量流等实体流行为	信息流、网络流等虚拟流行为
	关系属性	相邻、相交、包含等空间关系	网络拓扑关系
	自然属性	受自然条件的影响	不受自然条件约束
	社会属性	实体社会	网络社会
	经济属性	实体经济产业	互联网产业等
	城市属性	看得见的城市	看不见的城市、共享城市