地理学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (7): 1333-1344.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201907005
收稿日期:
2018-05-14
修回日期:
2019-05-01
出版日期:
2019-07-25
发布日期:
2019-07-23
通讯作者:
姚晓军
E-mail:yaoxj_nwnu@163.com
作者简介:
刘娟(1993-), 女, 甘肃定西人, 硕士生, 研究方向为环境科学与地理信息系统。E-mail: liujuan_qx@163.com
基金资助:
LIU Juan1,YAO Xiaojun1(),LIU Shiyin2,3,GUO Wanqin2,XU Junli4
Received:
2018-05-14
Revised:
2019-05-01
Online:
2019-07-25
Published:
2019-07-23
Contact:
YAO Xiaojun
E-mail:yaoxj_nwnu@163.com
Supported by:
摘要:
基于修订后的中国两次冰川编目数据及2015-2016年Landsat OLI遥感影像,对冈底斯山1970-2016年的冰川时空变化特征进行分析,并利用相应时段的气温和降水数据,对冰川变化原因进行探讨,为全面认识冈底斯山在气候变暖背景下冰川的响应规律及区域水资源合理利用提供科学依据。结果表明:① 2015-2016年冈底斯山共有冰川3953条,面积1306.45 km 2,冰储量约58.16 km 3;冰川数量以面积< 0.5 km 2的冰川为主,面积则以介于0.1~5 km 2的冰川为主。② 1970-2016年冈底斯山冰川面积共减少854.05 km 2(-39.53%),冰川面积变化相对速率高达-1.09%/a,消融期气温升高是导致该山区冰川退缩的最主要原因。与中国西部其他山系冰川变化相比,冈底斯山是冰川退缩最为强烈的地区,且近年来冰川退缩呈加快趋势。③ 冈底斯山冰川面积减少主要集中在海拔5600~6100 m之间,海拔6500 m以上区域基本没有变化。除南朝向和东南朝向外,冈底斯山其他朝向冰川数量和面积均呈减少趋势,其中北朝向冰川面积减少最多,西北朝向冰川面积变化最快。④ 冈底斯山冰川面积变化自西向东呈加快趋势,其中东段冰川面积变化相对速率高达-1.72%/a,中段次之(-1.67%/a),西段仅为-0.83%/a。
刘娟,姚晓军,刘时银,郭万钦,许君利. 1970-2016年冈底斯山冰川变化[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(7): 1333-1344.
LIU Juan,YAO Xiaojun,LIU Shiyin,GUO Wanqin,XU Junli. Glacier changes in the Gangdisê Mountains from 1970 to 2016[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(7): 1333-1344.
表1
2015-2016年冈底斯山冰川数据解译所采用的Landsat OLI遥感影像"
序号 | 轨道号 | 获取日期 | 序号 | 轨道号 | 获取日期 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Path | Row | Path | Row | |||||
1 | 138 | 39 | 2016-04-27 | 8 | 143 | 38 | 2016-10-07 | |
2 | 138 | 40 | 2016-04-27 | 9 | 143 | 39 | 2016-09-05 | |
3 | 139 | 39 | 2016-03-17 | 10 | 144 | 38 | 2016-06-24 | |
4 | 140 | 39 | 2016-10-18 | 11 | 145 | 37 | 2016-10-15 | |
5 | 141 | 39 | 2016-05-18 | 12 | 145 | 38 | 2016-09-03 | |
6 | 141 | 40 | 2015-10-07 | 13 | 146 | 37 | 2016-09-10 | |
7 | 142 | 39 | 2015-09-28 |
表2
2015-2016年冈底斯山各流域冰川资源统计"
一级流域 (编码) | 二级流域 (编码) | 三级流域 (编码) | 冰川数量 | 冰川面积 | 冰储量 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(条) | (%) | (km2) | (%) | (km2) | (%) | |||||
恒河(5O) | 雅鲁藏布江(5O2) | 多雄藏布等(5O26) | 1372 | 34.71 | 413.65 | 31.66 | 16.63 | 28.65 | ||
印度河(5Q) | 森格藏布等(5Q1) | 森格藏布等(5Q15) | 703 | 17.78 | 172.36 | 13.19 | 7.54 | 12.99 | ||
朗钦藏布等(5Q2) | 朗钦藏布等(5Q22) | 227 | 5.74 | 40.09 | 3.07 | 1.30 | 2.24 | |||
合计 | 930 | 23.52 | 212.45 | 16.26 | 8.84 | 15.23 | ||||
青藏高原 内流区(5Z) | 色林错流域(5Z2) | 色林错(5Z22) | 43 | 1.09 | 15.46 | 1.18 | 0.66 | 1.14 | ||
扎日南木错流域(5Z3) | 当惹错等(5Z31) | 104 | 2.63 | 27.28 | 2.09 | 0.93 | 1.60 | |||
扎日南木错(5Z32) | 182 | 4.61 | 61.48 | 4.71 | 2.52 | 4.34 | ||||
塔惹错等(5Z33) | 301 | 7.61 | 157.64 | 12.07 | 6.80 | 11.71 | ||||
昂仁拉错(5Z34) | 531 | 13.43 | 343.12 | 26.26 | 19.47 | 33.54 | ||||
班公湖流域(5Z4) | 班公湖(5Z42) | 490 | 12.40 | 75.37 | 5.77 | 2.20 | 3.79 | |||
合计 | 1651 | 41.78 | 680.35 | 52.08 | 29.72 | 51.19 |
表4
近60年来中国西部冰川变化比较"
名称 | 时间段 | 面积变化(km2) | 面积变化速率(km2/a) | 面积变化相对速率(%/a) | 资料来源 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
阿尔泰山 | 1960-2009年 | -104.61 | -2.13 | -0.94 | [45] |
天山 | 1959-2010年 | -1619.82 | -31.76 | -0.40 | [46] |
阿尼玛卿山 | 1966-2000年 | -21.70 | -0.64 | -0.56 | [47] |
阿尔金山 | 1973-2010年 | -54.22 | -1.47 | -0.46 | [48] |
祁连山 | 1956-2010年 | -417.15 | -7.73 | -0.43 | [44] |
唐古拉山中段 | 1990-2015年 | -115.46 | -4.62 | -1.00 | [18] |
羌塘高原中西部 | 1970-2000年 | -5.07 | -0.17 | -0.03 | [49] |
冈底斯山 | 1970-2016年 | -854.05 | -18.57 | -1.09 | 本研究 |
念青唐古拉山西段 | 1970-2000年 | -52.10 | -1.74 | -0.19 | [16] |
岗日嘎布 | 1980-2015年 | -679.50 | -19.41 | -0.82 | [9] |
喜马拉雅东段洛扎地区 | 1980-2007年 | -80.77 | -2.99 | -0.66 | [13] |
贡嘎山 | 1974-2010年 | -30.20 | -0.84 | -0.35 | [50] |
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