全球主要河流流域碳酸盐岩风化碳汇评估

doi:10.11821/dlxb201907004

地理学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (7): 1319-1332.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201907004

全球主要河流流域碳酸盐岩风化碳汇评估

李朝君^1,²,王世杰^2,³,白晓永^2,³(),谭秋¹,李汇文²,李琴²,邓元红²,杨钰杰^1,²,田诗琪^1,²,胡泽银²

1.贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵阳 550025
2.中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵阳 550081
3.中国科学院普定喀斯特生态系统观测研究站,普定 562100

收稿日期:2018-10-23 修回日期:2019-03-03 出版日期:2019-07-25 发布日期:2019-07-23
作者简介:李朝君(1994-), 女, 山西长治人, 硕士生, 主要从事岩溶环境与自然地理研究。E-mail: lichaojune@126.com
基金资助:
喀斯特科学研究中心联合基金项目(U1612441);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0502102);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0502300);中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划A类(2018);中国科学院科技服务网络计划(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-036);国际合作局国际伙伴计划(132852KYSB20170029);国际合作局国际伙伴计划(2014-3);贵州省高层次创新型人才培养计划“十”层次人才项目([2016]5648);国家自然科学基金项目(41571130074);国家自然科学基金项目(41571130042);贵州省科技计划(2017-2966)

Estimation of carbonate rock weathering-related carbon sink in global major river basins

LI Chaojun^1,²,WANG Shijie^2,³,BAI Xiaoyong^2,³(),TAN Qiu¹,LI Huiwen²,LI Qin²,DENG Yuanhong²,YANG Yujie^1,²,TIAN Shiqi^1,²,HU Zeyin²

1.School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
2.State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China
3.Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, CAS, Puding 562100, Guizhou, China

Received:2018-10-23 Revised:2019-03-03 Published:2019-07-25 Online:2019-07-23
Supported by:
United Fund of Karst Science Research Center(U1612441);National Key Research & Development Program of China(2016YFC0502102);National Key Research & Development Program of China(2016YFC0502300);"Western Light" Talent Training Plan of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Class A 2018);Science and Technology Services Network Initiative Plan(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-036);International Cooperation Agency International Partnership Program(132852KYSB20170029);International Cooperation Agency International Partnership Program(2014-3);Guizhou High-level Innovative Talent Training Program "Ten" Level Talents Program([2016]5648);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41571130074);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41571130042);Science and Technology Plan of Guizhou Province of China(2017-2966)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳酸盐岩风化吸收的大气CO₂主要以HCO₃ ^-形式连续地经由河流从大陆输送到海洋,成为陆地生态系统的重要碳汇。目前主要河流流域的碳酸盐岩风化碳汇估算存在不确定性,分布格局尚不清晰。基于GEMS-GLORI全球河流数据库提供的全球10万km ²以上主要河流流域多年平均监测数据,利用水化学径流法估算出全球主要河流流域碳酸盐岩对CO₂的吸收速率为0.43±0.15 Pg CO₂ yr ^-1,平均CO₂吸收通量为7.93±2.8 t km ^-2 yr ^-1。CO₂吸收通量在不同气候带下差异显著,热带和暖温带CO₂年吸收速率占全球主要河流流域年吸收速率的62.95%。冷温带CO₂年吸收速率占全球主要河流流域的33.05%,仅次于热带地区。本文划分出全球CO₂吸收通量的9个关键带,关键带的交汇处CO₂吸收通量较高。喀斯特出露流域碳酸盐岩对CO₂吸收通量的均值为8.50 t km ^-2 yr ^-1,约为非喀斯特流域的3倍。全球喀斯特出露流域碳酸盐岩风化碳汇在全球碳循环、水循环及碳收支平衡估算研究方面占据重要地位。

关键词: 碳酸盐岩, 碳汇评估, 全球主要河流流域, 水化学径流法

Abstract:

Atmospheric CO₂ uptake by carbonate rock weathering is continuously transported from the land to the ocean by rivers in the form of HCO₃ ^-, and it has become an important carbon sink of terrestrial ecosystems. In the existing research, the estimation and distribution of carbonate weathering-related carbon sink in global major river basins are still unclear. In this study, we collect hydrochemical and discharge data of multiyear average (runoff modulus, main ion concentration, and dissolved inorganic carbon) in large river basins over 100, 000 km ². By using hydrochem-discharge method, we estimate that the CO₂ uptake rates (F_v) of carbonate weathering in global major river basins is 0.43 ± 0.15 Pg CO₂ yr ^-1 and the average CO₂ uptake flux(F) is 7.93 ± 2.8 t km ^-2 yr ^-1. The CO₂ uptake F and uptake F_v are substantially different under various climatic zones. The annual uptake F_v of tropical and warm regions accounts for 62.95% of the total annual F_v. The cold temperate zone is widely distributed, and its CO₂ uptake F_v accounts for 33.05%, which is second only to the tropics. We also propose the nine critical zones of global CO₂ uptake F (four in the middle and low latitudes, two in the western hemisphere and three in the eastern hemisphere). The CO₂ uptake F in the intersection of the critical zones is high. The average CO₂ uptake F in the karst-outcropped basins is 8.50 t km ^-2 yr ^-1, which is approximately three times that in the non-karst basins. Carbonate weathering carbon sinks in global karst-outcropped basins play an important role in the study of global carbon cycle, water cycle, and carbon budget balance estimation. On the basis of river basin scales, various factors (e.g., carbonate composition, exogenous acid, and climatic environment) for carbonate weathering carbon sinks should be considered. The hydrochem-discharge method should be further improved in future research. Moreover, the effects of the photosynthesis of river aquatic organisms on rock weathering carbon sinks should be considered, and carbonate rock weathering carbon sinks should be refined and extrapolated to the world.

Key words: carbonate rock, assessment of carbon sink, global major river basins, hydrochem-discharge method

李朝君,王世杰,白晓永,谭秋,李汇文,李琴,邓元红,杨钰杰,田诗琪,胡泽银. 全球主要河流流域碳酸盐岩风化碳汇评估[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(7): 1319-1332.

LI Chaojun,WANG Shijie,BAI Xiaoyong,TAN Qiu,LI Huiwen,LI Qin,DENG Yuanhong,YANG Yujie,TIAN Shiqi,HU Zeyin. Estimation of carbonate rock weathering-related carbon sink in global major river basins[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(7): 1319-1332.

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作者	估算区域	研究数据	估算方法	吸收速率 (Pg CO₂ yr^-1)	固碳速率 (Pg C yr^-1)	文献来源
Meybeck M (1987)	全球	流域岩石类型组成数据	温带流模型	0.51	0.14	[12]
Gaillardet等 (1999)	全球	60条最大河流站点汇编数据	反演模型	0.55	0.15	[13]
Liu等 (2000)	全球	中国部分站点数据汇编	水化学径流法	0.42	0.11	[14]
Gombert P (2002)	全球	266个气象站点数据	热力学溶蚀模型	1.1	0.30	[37]
Martin J B (2017)	全球	全球岩性数据	GEM-CO₂模型	2.93	0.80	[15]
Li等 (2018)	全球	生态气象水文遥感数据及站点数据	热力学溶蚀模型	3.26	0.89	[16]
Liu等 (2010, 2011, 2018)	全球	全球各地降水中DIC/HCO₃^-浓度站点数据汇编	偶联碳酸盐岩风化模型	1.76	0.48	[26, 33, 46]
本研究	世界90个河流流域	90条大型河流站点汇编数据	水化学径流法	0.43	0.12	本文

全球主要河流流域碳酸盐岩风化碳汇评估

Estimation of carbonate rock weathering-related carbon sink in global major river basins

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