地理学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (5): 912-922.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201905006
刘俊,黄莉,孙晓倩,李宁馨,张恒锦
收稿日期:
2018-04-16
修回日期:
2019-01-23
出版日期:
2019-05-25
发布日期:
2019-05-24
作者简介:
刘俊(1979-), 男, 四川人, 博士, 教授, 研究方向为可持续旅游。E-mail: 基金资助:
LIU Jun,HUANG Li,SUN Xiaoqian,LI Ningxin,ZHANG Hengjin
Received:
2018-04-16
Revised:
2019-01-23
Online:
2019-05-25
Published:
2019-05-24
Supported by:
摘要:
全球观鸟活动的规模达到了每年几千万人次,观鸟旅游已经成为世界野生动物观赏业的重要组成部分。气候变化改变了鸟类物候期及其空间格局,这不仅会影响观鸟者的旅游活动,还会进一步对观鸟旅游利益相关者的生计产生影响。监测并尽早地识别出这些影响,提醒利益相关者采取有效的适应策略意义重大。本文引入物候期这一气候变化的“指示器”来反映开展观鸟旅游的重要资源基础——鸟类活动时间以及栖息地格局的变化。通过对1980-2010年中国26个地区的98个物候序列的鸟类研究进行荟萃分析发现:中国鸟类离开、抵达、停留时间以及鸟类栖息地的格局都已经发生了改变。春季、夏季鸟类会提前离开或抵达,但在秋季它们的活动会延迟。鸟类停留的时间主要呈现延长的趋势。温度升高会使鸟类停留时间变长,对观鸟旅游的开展有利。中国低纬度地区和西部地区鸟类停留时间更长。鸟类栖息地的格局呈现出向北和向西迁移的特征。游客和景区工作人员均已感知到鸟类活动时间以及栖息地格局的变化对观鸟旅游产生的影响。
刘俊,黄莉,孙晓倩,李宁馨,张恒锦. 气候变化对中国观鸟旅游的影响——基于鸟类物候变化的分析[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(5): 912-922.
LIU Jun,HUANG Li,SUN Xiaoqian,LI Ningxin,ZHANG Hengjin. Impact of climate change on birdwatching tourism in China:Based on the perspective of bird phenology[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(5): 912-922.
表1
中国鸟类物候变化荟萃分析表"
类别 | 物候期 | 季节 | 时间序列 | 物种数量 | 地点数量 | 开始年份 | 结束年份 | 长度(年) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
戴胜科 | FC AD | 春夏 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1980 | 2002 | 23 |
LC DD | 秋 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1980 | 2002 | 23 | |
间隔期 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1980 | 2003.50±0.87 | 24.5±0.87 | ||
杜鹃科 | FC AD | 春夏 | 13 | 2 | 11 | 1988.92±6.46 | 2005.54±2.31 | 17.62±6.71 |
LC DD | 秋 | 12 | 2 | 12 | 1988.25±6.35 | 2005.42±2.36 | 18.17±6.73 | |
间隔期 | 15 | 2 | 14 | 1985.60±6.72 | 2004.73±2.95 | 19.13±18.48 | ||
鸭科 | FC AD | 春夏 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 1984±5 | 2006±2.16 | 23±5.23 |
LC DD | 秋 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 1984±5 | 2006±2.16 | 23±5.23 | |
间隔期 | 9 | 2 | 9 | 1982.22±4.64 | 2004.67±1.83 | 23.44±4.27 | ||
燕科 | FC AD | 春夏 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 1982.33±3.20 | 2007.17±2.41 | 25.83±3.80 |
LC DD | 秋 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 1983.33±3.20 | 2007.17±2.41 | 25.83±3.80 | |
间隔期 | 14 | 1 | 13 | 1981.86±3.68 | 2005.29±2.15 | 24.43±3.29 | ||
鹀科 | FC AD | 春夏 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1999 | 2015 | 17 |
鸫科 | FC AD | 春夏 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1998 | 2008 | 11 |
秋 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1998 | 2008 | 11 | ||
总数 | FC AD | 春夏 | 30 | 10 | 17 | 1987.63±7.5 | 2006.87±3.58 | 20.23±6.54 |
LC DD | 秋 | 26 | 7 | 17 | 1983.10±5.39 | 2004.79±2.02 | 22.69±5.18 | |
间隔期 | 42 | 6 | 21 | 1985.96±6.33 | 2005.92±2.49 | 20.96±6.68 |
表2
中国鸟类物候变化趋势表"
数量 | 比例(%) | |
---|---|---|
春季/夏季物候期 | ||
Negall | 28 | 68.29 |
Negsig | 5 | 12.20 |
Negunk | 15 | 36.59 |
Posall | 13 | 31.71 |
Possig | 4 | 9.76 |
Posunk | 6 | 14.63 |
Trmean | 41 | -2.31 |
秋季物候期 | ||
Negall | 10 | 27.78 |
Negsig | 7 | 19.44 |
Negunk | 3 | 8.33 |
Posall | 26 | 72.22 |
Possig | 6 | 16.67 |
Posunk | 15 | 41.67 |
Trmean | 36 | 1.49 |
停留时间 | ||
Negall | 17 | 31.48 |
Negsig | 6 | 11.11 |
Negunk | 9 | 16.67 |
Posall | 37 | 68.52 |
Possig | 3 | 5.56 |
Posunk | 27 | 50.00 |
Trmean | 54 | 3.78 |
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