地理学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (5): 889-901.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201905004
赵芳1,张百平2,3(),朱连奇1,姚永慧2,崔耀平1,刘俊杰1
收稿日期:
2018-03-29
修回日期:
2019-02-14
出版日期:
2019-05-25
发布日期:
2019-05-24
作者简介:
赵芳(1984-), 女, 河南三门峡人, 博士, 讲师, 主要从事山地地理、山地生态环境研究。E-mail: 基金资助:
ZHAO Fang1,ZHANG Baiping2,3(),ZHU Lianqi1,YAO Yonghui2,CUI Yaoping1,LIU Junjie1
Received:
2018-03-29
Revised:
2019-02-14
Published:
2019-05-25
Online:
2019-05-24
Supported by:
摘要:
秦巴山地垂直带谱结构的空间分异对于揭示秦巴山地地域结构复杂性和过渡性、探索中国复杂的生态地理格局具有重要的意义。本文从文献中搜集了秦巴山地33个山地垂直带谱,建立了秦巴山地数字垂直带谱体系,从纬向、经向和坡向3个维度分析了山地垂直带谱的结构、特征、数量、高度以及分布模式。结果表明:① 纬向上从南向北基带由亚热带常绿阔叶林带逐渐转变为暖温带落叶阔叶林带;垂直带结构由复杂逐渐变得简单;优势带由山地针阔混交林和山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林转变为山地落叶阔叶林带;② 经向上山地垂直带结构呈现复杂—简单—复杂的特征;常绿落叶阔叶混交林带和山地落叶阔叶林带的海拔呈现了二次曲线分布模式;山地针阔混交林带的海拔则呈现显著的线性降低趋势;③ 坡向方面,秦岭北坡和南坡基带均为暖温带落叶阔叶林带,但南坡含有常绿成分;大巴山北坡为亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林带,大巴山南坡为亚热带常绿阔叶林带;秦岭和大巴山北坡优势带类似,均为山地针阔混交林带或山地落叶阔叶林带,但大巴山南坡具有独特的山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林优势带,这表明了大巴山比秦岭更适合作为暖温带和北亚热带的分界线,但是未来还需使用土壤和气候指标进行系统的分析。
赵芳,张百平,朱连奇,姚永慧,崔耀平,刘俊杰. 秦巴山地垂直带谱结构的空间分异与暖温带—亚热带界线问题[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(5): 889-901.
ZHAO Fang,ZHANG Baiping,ZHU Lianqi,YAO Yonghui,CUI Yaoping,LIU Junjie. Spectra structures of altitudinal belts and their significance for determining the boundary between warm temperate and subtropical zones in the Qinling-Daba Mountains[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(5): 889-901.
表1
秦岭大巴山山麓部分气象站点的气候指标
站点 | 位置 | 纬度 (°) | 经度 (°) | 高度 (m) | 温暖指数 (℃·月) | 年均温AM (℃) | 最热月温度(℃) | 最冷月温度(℃) | 年降水 (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
嵩县 | 秦岭北麓 | 34.1 | 112.1 | 326 | 128.2 | 15 | 26.6 | 0.8 | 689 |
洛宁 | 34.4 | 111.1 | 328 | 121.7 | 14.4 | 25.9 | 0.6 | 569 | |
礼泉 | 34 | 108.5 | 543 | 113.3 | 13.4 | 25.7 | 0.9 | 541 | |
秦岭 | |||||||||
商南 | 秦岭南麓 大巴山北麓 | 33.5 | 110.9 | 523 | 118.8 | 14.4 | 25.1 | 1.6 | 864 |
汉中 | 33.1 | 107 | 510 | 123.5 | 15 | 25.6 | 2.8 | 838 | |
石泉 | 33 | 108.3 | 485 | 123.4 | 15.1 | 25.5 | 3 | 890 | |
汉阴 | 32.9 | 108.1 | 413 | 127.2 | 15.4 | 26 | 3.3 | 904 | |
大巴山 | |||||||||
广元 | 大巴山南麓 | 32.4 | 105.8 | 514 | 140.6 | 16.7 | 26.2 | 5.4 | 929 |
旺苍 | 32.2 | 106.3 | 486 | 141.3 | 16.8 | 26.3 | 5.4 | 1158 | |
南漳 | 31.8 | 111.1 | 151 | 135.9 | 16.1 | 27.3 | 2.6 | 912 | |
巫溪 | 31.4 | 109.6 | 338 | 156.6 | 18.1 | 27.8 | 6.7 | 1091 | |
兴山 | 31.4 | 110.7 | 337 | 148.5 | 17.4 | 27.3 | 5.5 | 977 |
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