地理学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (3): 432-445.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201903003
收稿日期:
2018-01-15
修回日期:
2018-12-10
出版日期:
2019-03-25
发布日期:
2019-03-19
作者简介:
陈峰(1992-), 男, 湖北潜江人, 硕士生, 研究方向为生态系统服务及生态风险的综合评估。E-mail: <email>chenfeng0103@126.com</email>
基金资助:
Feng CHEN1,2(), Hongbo LI1(
), Anlu ZHANG1
Received:
2018-01-15
Revised:
2018-12-10
Published:
2019-03-25
Online:
2019-03-19
Supported by:
摘要:
传统的生态风险评价主要依据是点源性威胁、区域景观格局变化等生态实体特征指标,忽略了与实体功能属性密切相关的人类福祉因素。将生态系统服务纳入生态风险评价体系是一个新的研究思路。本文运用GIS和遥感技术重构了中国陆地生态系统服务的空间图谱,采用生态风险分析模型给出了基于生态系统服务的中国陆地生态风险格局的定量描述和空间分布,划定了不同置信水平下的生态风险管控优先区。结果表明:① 2000-2010年中国陆地生态系统年均总生态系统服务指数取值在0~2.17之间,年际间呈现小幅波动趋势,年平均总指数在0.30~0.57之间变化,其中24.7%的区域显著增加,主要分布在台湾、云贵高原及新疆西北内陆区,37.1%的区域显著减少,主要分布在东北、青藏高原及中东部地区;② 不同置信水平下的中国陆地生态系统服务存在的风险损失不尽相同。如当置信水平为90%时,总生态系统服务指数的可能损失比例为24.19%,生态风险指数为0.253。比较置信水平和生态风险指数间的关系,发现当置信水平较高时,生态系统服务蒙受风险的概率相应降低,但此时出现风险时所承受的损失也对应增加;③ 以90%置信水平为例,中国生态地理区划的风险特征表现为:平均生态系统服务风险指数居前列的六位依次为内蒙古高原生态区、华北平原生态区、黄土高原生态区、东北平原生态区、横断山生态区、青藏高原生态区,极重度风险所占区域面积比例依次为55.89%、26.63%、24.35%、20.62%、18.70%、25.12%。
陈峰, 李红波, 张安录. 基于生态系统服务的中国陆地生态风险评价[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(3): 432-445.
Feng CHEN, Hongbo LI, Anlu ZHANG. Ecological risk assessment based on terrestrial ecosystem services in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(3): 432-445.
表1
2000-2010年中国陆地各生态地理区划的生态系统服务指数特征
生态地理区划 | 多年平均总生态 系统服务指数均值 | 总生态系统服务指数变化趋势均值 |
---|---|---|
东北平原生态区(A) | 0.522 | -0.026 |
内蒙古高原生态区(B) | 0.224 | -0.010 |
华北平原生态区(C) | 0.492 | -0.020 |
长江中下游平原生态区(D) | 0.633 | -0.031 |
四川盆地生态区(E) | 0.658 | -0.030 |
黄土高原生态区(F) | 0.423 | -0.014 |
西北内陆生态区(G) | 0.048 | -0.001 |
青藏高原生态区(H) | 0.091 | -0.004 |
横断山生态区(I) | 0.482 | -0.016 |
云贵高原生态区(J) | 0.947 | -0.029 |
江南山地丘陵生态区(K) | 0.922 | -0.043 |
东南沿海丘陵生态区(L) | 1.132 | -0.032 |
表4
中国陆地各生态地理区划的风险指数特征
生态地理区划 | 平均生态系统 服务风险指数 | 各等级风险所占面积百分比(%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
极轻度 | 轻度 | 中度 | 重度 | 极重度 | ||
东北平原生态区(A) | 0.374 | 0.51 | 19.55 | 28.52 | 30.80 | 20.62 |
内蒙古高原生态区(B) | 0.447 | 11.99 | 2.75 | 7.75 | 21.62 | 55.89 |
华北平原生态区(C) | 0.390 | 0.31 | 21.10 | 29.54 | 22.42 | 26.63 |
长江中下游平原生态区(D) | 0.295 | 1.07 | 60.32 | 31.41 | 3.99 | 3.21 |
四川盆地生态区(E) | 0.333 | 0.18 | 37.49 | 34.11 | 21.82 | 6.4 |
黄土高原生态区(F) | 0.384 | 0.30 | 20.89 | 28.02 | 26.44 | 24.35 |
西北内陆生态区(G) | 0.233 | 51.16 | 22.74 | 6.54 | 10.39 | 9.17 |
青藏高原生态区(H) | 0.347 | 21.56 | 11.43 | 13.35 | 28.54 | 25.12 |
横断山生态区(I) | 0.357 | 1.51 | 32.16 | 25.17 | 22.46 | 18.70 |
云贵高原生态区(J) | 0.308 | 0.94 | 47.80 | 35.02 | 14.18 | 2.06 |
江南山地丘陵生态区(K) | 0.290 | 1.41 | 57.14 | 31.64 | 8.68 | 1.13 |
东南沿海丘陵生态区(L) | 0.323 | 1.20 | 41.18 | 36.90 | 16.17 | 4.55 |
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